Produced by F E H, MWS, Fay Dunn and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive) Transcriber’s Note Words in italics are marked with _underscores_. Words in small capitals are shown in UPPER CASE. Variant spelling, inconsistant hyphenation and inconsistant use of ligatures, have been retained. One missing full stop has been added, a duplicate word has been deleted, but otherwise the book is as printed. Descriptions of the diagrams, have been added by the transcriber, and are enclosed in {braces}. Other transcription changes are described in the note at the end of this book. [Illustration: PHYSICAL MAP OF HERTFORD _George Philip & Son, Ltd. The London Geographical Institute._ ] CAMBRIDGE COUNTY GEOGRAPHIES General Editor: F. H. H. GUILLEMARD, M.A., M.D. HERTFORDSHIRE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS London: FETTER LANE, E.C. C. F. CLAY, MANAGER. [Illustration: Publisher’s colophon] Edinburgh: 100, PRINCES STREET. Berlin: A. ASHER AND CO. Leipzig: F. A. BROCKHAUS. New York: G. P. PUTNAM’S SONS. Bombay and Calcutta: MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. [_All Rights reserved._] _Cambridge County Geographies_ HERTFORDSHIRE by R. LYDEKKER With Maps, Diagrams and Illustrations Cambridge: at the University Press 1909 Cambridge: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS PAGE 1. County and Shire. The Name _Hertfordshire_. Its Origin and Meaning 1 2. General Characteristics of the County 4 3. Size. Shape. Boundaries 8 4. Surface and General Features 10 5. Watershed. Rivers 16 6. Geology and Soil 25 7. Natural History 38 8. Climate and Rainfall 50 9. People--Race, Dialect, Settlements, Population 57 10. Agriculture--Main Cultivations, Woodlands, Stock 62 11. Special Cultivations 67 12. Industries and Manufactures 70 13. Minerals--An Exhausted Industry 74 14. History of Hertfordshire 76 15. Antiquities--Prehistoric, Roman, Saxon 87 16. Architecture. (_a_) Ecclesiastical--Abbeys and Churches 97 17. Architecture. (_b_) Military--Castles 109 18. Architecture. (_c_) Domestic--Famous Seats, Manor Houses, Cottages 114