or sense of newness. No; the theory is tempting, and it would fall in
perfectly, as I daresay you see, with all that we have concluded about
literature, but I really think that it must be definitely abandoned. No;
it seems to me that primitive man, Homeric man, mediæval man, man,
indeed, almost to our own day when the School Board (and other things)
have got hold of him, had such an unconscious but all-pervading,
all-influencing conviction that he was a wonderful being, descended of a
wonderful ancestry, and surrounded by mysteries of all kinds, that even
the smallest details of his life partook of the ruling ecstasy; he was
so sure that he was miraculous that it seemed that no part of his life
could escape from the miracle, so that to him every meal became a
sacrament.
It is the attitude of the primitive man, of the real man, of the child,
always and everywhere; it may be briefly summed up in the phrase: things
are because they are wonderful. This, of course, is the atmosphere in
which poets ought to live, and in which poetry should be produced.
Formerly it was natural to all men or almost all; now, perhaps, it has
to be regained by a conscious effort; and the difficulty of the effort,
the impossibility of sustaining it for long, explain the supremacy of
lyrical poetry. If you lived in a world that could regard a common meal
as a sacrament, you could be supreme in narrative poetry; but, that
atmosphere wanting, we have to be content for the most part with the
lyric, with the simple incantation, without any description of the
circumstance or occasion.
Yet prose, though it yields in much to the world, must still keep the
same ideal before it as poetry. I say, distinctly, that the only
essential, defining difference between the two is to be sought in the
"numbering" of poetry, in the fact that art, in its intensest raptures,
in its most truly "natural" moment, desires and obtains the strictest
and most formal laws. It is, I suppose, immaterial what these laws are,
rhyme, assonance, accents, feet, alliteration, all testify to the
important and essential rule that freedom is chiefly free when it is
most bound and bounded by restrictions which _we_ should call
artificial, which are, in truth, in the highest sense, natural. And
this, I am sure, is the only possible distinction that can be
established between such a book as the "Odyssey" and such a book as the
"Morte d'Arthur." Neither is "prosaic" in the common sense of the word;
each is "poetical"; but the Greek book is poetry because it is numbered,
and the English is prose because it lacks number. Of course there are
difficult cases; hybrids, as there always are, whatever laws one may lay
down.
* * * * *
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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