To Mr. Newton MacTavish, M.A., Editor of _The Canadian Magazine_, Mr. R. H. Hathaway, Mr. M. O. Hammond, Dr. Duncan Campbell Scott, Mr. John Murray Gibbon, Mr. S. Morgan-Powell, Literary Editor of _The Montreal Star_, Mr. John Garvin, B.A., Editor of _Canadian Poets_, _Canadian Poems of the Great War_, etc., Dr. Ray Palmer Baker, author of _A History of English-Canadian Literature to the Confederation_, and Mr. T. G. Marquis, author of _English-Canadian Literature_, I am indebted for advice, criticism, and much practical aid in preparing the text. To Miss Annie Donohoe, Librarian of the Nova Scotia Legislative Library and Mrs. Mary Kinley Ingraham, M.A., Librarian of Acadia University, I am indebted for assistance in research; and to Miss Laura P. Carten, Editor of The Children’s Page, Halifax Herald, for reading the ‘galley proofs’ of the text. To Colonel William Ernest Thompson, LL.B., Honorary Secretary of the Board of Governors of Dalhousie University, my indebtedness is great and is acknowledged in the Dedication to this book. J. D. Logan. Acadia University, Wolfville, N.S. Contents PAGE Dedication 3 Preface 5 Preliminary Survey 15 I. PRE-CONFEDERATION LITERATURE (1760-1887) CHAPTER I Social and Spiritual Bases 33 The Social and Spiritual Bases of Canadian Literature—The Puritan and Loyalist Migrations—The Significance of the Scots Migration—The Primacy of Nova Scotia in the Creative Literature of Canada—Literary Species in Ontario and Quebec. CHAPTER II Incidental Pioneer Literature 44 The Incidental Pre-Confederation Literature of Canada—Alexander Henry’s Travels—Mrs. Brooke’s Novels—Mrs. Jameson’s Nature-Studies—The Émigré Pre-Confederation Literature of Canada—Mrs. Susanna Moodie—Adam Kidd—John Reade—George Murray—Archibald McLachlan—William Wye Smith and Isabella Crawford. CHAPTER III Joseph Howe 55 The Nativistic Literature of Canada—Joseph Howe as Founder of the Independent Prose, Creative Journalism, Political Literature, Literary and Forensic Oratory—as Patriotic, Descriptive, and Humorous Poet—and as the Discoverer and Sponsor of Thomas Chandler Haliburton.