Transcriber’s Notes Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Variations in hyphenation have been standardised but all other spelling and punctuation remains unchanged. Italics are represented thus _italic_, and superscripts thus y^{en}. “JAPAN AS IT WAS AND IS” A HANDBOOK OF OLD JAPAN II _Uniform with this Work_ A HANDBOOK OF MODERN JAPAN. By ERNEST W. CLEMENT. With two maps and seventy-two illustrations from photographs. _Sixth edition._ Price, $1.40 _net_. A. C. MCCLURG & CO. _Chicago_ [Illustration: PROCESSION OF FEUDAL LORDS From _Official History of Japan_] HILDRETH’S “JAPAN AS IT WAS AND IS” A HANDBOOK OF OLD JAPAN EDITED, WITH SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES, BY ERNEST W. CLEMENT AUTHOR OF “A HANDBOOK OF MODERN JAPAN,” ETC. INTRODUCTION BY WM. ELLIOT GRIFFIS _With One Hundred Illustrations and Maps_ VOLUME II [Illustration] CHICAGO A. C. McCLURG & CO. 1906 COPYRIGHT A. C. McCLURG & CO. 1906 Published September 29, 1906 THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A. CONTENTS VOLUME II CHAPTER XXXII PAGE Post-Houses—Imperial Messengers—Inns—Houses—Their Furniture and Interior Arrangements—Bathing and Sweating House—Gardens—Refreshment Houses—What they Provide—Tea 1 CHAPTER XXXIII Number of People on the Road—Princely Retinues—Pilgrims to Ise—Junrei Pilgrims—Naked Devotees—Religious Beggars—Begging Order of Nuns—Yamabushi, or Mountain Priests—Buddhist Beggars—Singular Bell-Chiming—Hucksters and Peddlers—Courtesans 15 CHAPTER XXXIV Departure from Nagasaki—Train of the Dutch—The Day’s Journey—Treatment of the Dutch—Respect shown them in the Island of Shimo—Care with which they are watched—Inns at which they lodge—Their Reception and Treatment there—Politeness of the Japanese—Lucky and Unlucky Days—Seimei, the Astrologer 31 CHAPTER XXXV From Nagasaki to Kokura—Shimonoseki—Water Journey to Ōsaka—Description of that City—Its Castle—Interview with the Governors—From Ōsaka to Miyako—Jodo and its Castle—Fushimi—Entrance into Miyako—Visit to the Chief Justice and the Governors—Description of Miyako—Palace of the Dairi—Castle—Manufactures and Trade—Authority of the Chief Justice—Police—Crimes 45 CHAPTER XXXVI