[Footnote 701: XI. iii. 47-8; XI. V. 28 and 31. Probably Vishnuite not Śâktist Tantras are meant but the Purana distinguishes between Vedic revelation meant for previous ages and tantric revelation meant for the present day. So too Kullûka Bhaṭṭa the commentator on Manu who was a Bengali and probably lived in the fifteenth century says (on Manu II. i.) that Śruti is twofold, Vedic and tantric. _Śrutisca dvividhâ vaidikî tântrikîca._] [Footnote 702: II. 15.] [Footnote 703: See for full list Avalon, _Principles of Tantra_, pp. lxv-lxvii. A collection of thirty-seven Tantras has been published at Calcutta by Babu Rasik Mohun Chatterjee and a few have been published separately.] [Footnote 704: Translated by Avalon, 1913, also by Manmatha Nath Dutt, 1900.] [Footnote 705: Analysed in _J.A.O.S._ XXIII. i. 1902.] [Footnote 706: Edited by Târanâtha Vidyâratna, with introduction by A. Avalon, 1917.] [Footnote 707: See Avalon, _Principles of Tantra_, p. lxi. But these are probably special meanings attached to the words by tantric schools. _Nigama_ is found pretty frequently, _e.g._ Manu, IV. 19 and Lalita-vistara, XII. But it is not likely that it is used there in this special sense.] [Footnote 708: Edited by Avalon, 1914.] [Footnote 709: Satirical descriptions of Śâktism are fairly ancient, _e.g._ Karpura Mañjarî, Harvard edition, pp. 25 and 233.] [Footnote 710: Tantrism has some analogy to the Fêng-shui or geomancy of the Chinese. Both take ancient superstitions which seem incompatible with science and systematize them into pseudo-sciences, remaining blind to the fact that the subject-matter is wholly imaginary.] [Footnote 711: For what follows as for much else in this chapter, I am indebted to Avalon's translation of the Mahânirvâṇa Tantra and introduction.] [Footnote 712: Paśu-, vîra-, divya-bhâva.] [Footnote 713: Avalon, Mahân. Tan. pp. lxxix, lxxx.] [Footnote 714: "The eternal rhythm of Divine Breath is outwards from spirit to matter and inwards from matter to spirit. Devî as Mâyâ evolves the world. As Mahâmâyâ she recalls it to herself.... Each of these movements is divine. Enjoyment and liberation are each her gifts." Avalon, Mahân. Tan. p. cxl.] [Footnote 715: Yair eva patanam dravyaih siddhis tair eva coditâ--Kulârṇava Tantra, V. 48. There is probably something similar in Taoism. See Wieger, _Histoire des Croyances religieuses en Chine_, p. 409. The Indian Tantrists were aware of the dangers of their system and said it was as difficult as walking on the edge of a sword or holding a tiger.] [Footnote 716: Vâmâcâra is said not to mean left-hand worship but woman (vâmâ) worship. This interpretation of Dakshiṇa and Vâmâcâra is probably fanciful.] [Footnote 717: Sometimes two extra stages Aghora and Yogâcâra are inserted here.] [Footnote 718: Mahân. Tan. X. 108. A Kaula may pretend to be a Vaishṇava or a Śaiva.]