[Footnote 432: The Kâraṇḍavyûha teaches a somewhat similar doctrine of creative emanations. Avalokita, Brahmâ, Śiva, Vishṇu and others all are evolved from the original Buddha spirit and proceed to evolve the world.] [Footnote 433: The use of this word, as a name for the residence of Vairocana, seems to be peculiar to our author.] [Footnote 434: This term may include Śivaite ascetics as well as Buddhist monks.] [Footnote 435: See further discussion in Kern's edition, p. 16.] [Footnote 436: As are the Panchpirs in modern India.] [Footnote 437: Garbha. Up. 1 and 3, especially the phrase asmin pancâtmake śarîre. Piṇḍa Up. 2. Bhinne pancâtmake dehe. Mahâ Nâr. Up. 23. Sa vâ esha purushaḥ pancadhâ pancâtmâ.] [Footnote 438: See Kern, "Over de Vermenging van Civaisme en Buddhisme op Jâva" in _Vers. en Meded. der Kon. Akad. van Wet. Afd. Lett_. 3 _R. 5 Deel_, 1888. For the Sutasomajâtaka see Speyer's translation of the Jâtakamâlâ, pp. 291-313, with his notes and references. It is No. 537 in the Pali Collection of Jâtakas.] [Footnote 439: See Nanjio Cat. Nos. 137, 138.] [Footnote 440: Gotama, Kassapa, Konâgamana and Kakusandha.] [Footnote 441: About 950-1050 A.D. Fergusson, _Hist. of Indian Architecture_, II. p. 141.] [Footnote 442: See Knebel, "Recherches préparatoires concernant Krishna et les bas reliefs des temples de Java" in _Tijdschrift_, LI. 1909, pp. 97-174.] [Footnote 443: In Camboja the result seems to have been double. Pali Buddhism entered from Siam and ultimately conquered all other forms of religion, but for some time Mahayanist Buddhism, which was older in Camboja, revived and received Court patronage.] [Footnote 444: Chap. 37.] [Footnote 445: "Bijdrage tot de Kennis van het Mahâyâna opJava" in _Bijd. tot de Taal Lund en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië_, 1901 and 1902.] [Footnote 446: This use of advaya and advayavâdin strengthens the suspicion that the origins of the Advaita philosophy are to be sought in Buddhism.] [Footnote 447: It uses the word trikâya but expressly defines it as meaning Kâya, vâk and citta.] [Footnote 448: In a passage which is not translated from the Sanskrit and may therefore reflect the religious condition of Java.] [Footnote 449: So too in the Sutasoma Jâtaka Amoghasiddhi is said to be Vishṇu.] [Footnote 450: See Juynboll in _Bijdragen tot de Taal Land en Volkenkunde van Ned.-Indië_, 1908, pp. 412-420.] [Footnote 451: Veth, _Java_, vol. IV. p. 154. The whole chapter contains much information about the Hindu elements in modern Javanese religion.] [Footnote 452: See Veth, _l.c._ and _ngelmoe_ in _Encycl. van Nederlandsch-Indië. _] [Footnote 453: Also to some extent in Lombok. The Balinese were formerly the ruling class in this island and are still found there in considerable numbers.]