Water 87.30 Butter 3.75 Caseine 3.31 Milk-sugar and extractive matter 4.86 Mineral matter (ash) 0.78 ------ Total 100.00 It will be seen by this that the per cent. of sugar is at least 4.50, if we deduct the extractive matter, the proportion of which is not given. Numerous German analyses show it to range from 3.50 to 5.75 per cent. Henry and Chevalier put the average at 4.77, and Prof. L.B. Arnold says milk from cows in perfect health should contain, during the month of August, 4.30 to 5.50 per cent. We will call it 4.50 per cent. There is 87.30 per cent of water. WHAT THE CHEESE MAKER DOES. In separating the solids from the liquids, by the action of rennet, at the proper temperature, we expel, say 83.30 parts of the water, leaving 4 parts. We get rid of, say 4.20 parts of the sugar, which is held in perfect solution in the water. We lose, say .50 of one part of butter, .31 of one part of the caseine or albuminoids, and .13 of one part of ash. This leaves-- Water 4.00 Butter 3.25 Caseine 3.00 Sugar .30 Ash .65 ----- Total 11.20 We thus have 11.20 per cent. of the 100 parts out of which to get our cured cheese. A fair average is 10 lbs. of cheese for 100 pounds of milk. Some of the water evaporates in curing, say 1 part, leaving 3 parts. Our 10.20 parts of cheese is then composed of the following: Water 3.00 Butter 3.25 Caseine 3.00 Sugar, or what results from decomposition .30 Ash .65 ----- Total 10.20 This is a little in excess of the general yield. The waste is usually in the greater amount of ash, sometimes nearly the whole of it, when the acid develops before the whey is expelled. In that case, the lactic acid dissolves the phosphates and they run out with the whey. This is so much loss of ingredients absolutely essential to digestion and assimilation. WHAT OUGHT TO BE.