So much follows from these observations, that the tapeworms can not only absorb but also can give out substances that are absorbed from the intestine of the host, and are able to bring about distant effects. One expression of these distant actions is, as Leichtenstern insists, the eosinophilia of the blood. We do not think we should assume on the evidence before us, that the substance which attracts the eosinophil cells is identical with the cause of the anaemia. Many observations, the absence, for example, of eosinophilia in Bothriocephalus anaemia (Schauman), render probable the existence of two different functions. In any case the substance causing the eosinophilia is more widely distributed than that to which the anaemic condition is due. Leukaemia. ("Mixed leucocytosis.") In spite of the enormous extent of the haematological observations of the last decennia, of which a very considerable portion deals with the problem of leukaemia, the literature shews many obscurities and misconceptions, even on important fundamental ideas. This is especially the case with the weighty question of the distinction between various forms of leukaemia. From the purely clinical standpoint it is usual to describe a lienal, a lienomedullary, and a pure medullary (myelogenic) form of leukaemia. But the distinguishing characteristics in this classification are crude and purely external, and they find no place in haematology. Neumann first shewed that the lymphoid proliferation in lymphatic anaemia is not confined to the lymph glands, but may extend to the spleen and bone-marrow. These proliferative processes may give rise to a considerable enlargement, for example, of the spleen, without any change in the specific character of the leukaemia, or the condition of the blood. In spite of the splenic tumour we have to deal then with a pure lymphatic leukaemia. In customary clinical language, a case of this kind would be described as lieno-lymphatic leukaemia. The unreliability and incorrectness of this terminology is best illustrated by another form of leukaemic metastasis. In lymphatic leukaemia the liver may swell by lymphomatous growth, to a large tumour, and we ought then to speak of a "hepato-lymphatic" form of leukaemia. This term is by no means so misleading as lieno-lymphatic; for no one would conclude from the former that any liver-cells passed into the blood, whilst the latter implies the idea, that specific splenic cells take part in the blood changes. Further, the assumption of a pure =lienal= variety of leukaemia is totally unwarranted from haematological investigations. The possibility of a specific blood change, depending solely upon disease of the spleen, appears _a priori_ almost excluded, after what has been said on the physiological participation of the spleen in the formation of the blood.