The former belongs more to pictorial art, while the latter is purely decorative. As the construction of ornament, in a great measure, ought to be based on the laws that govern the design of good architecture—this we gather from the design of the best ornament of the historic styles—it has been thought necessary to give a slight sketch of each of the principal orders and styles of architecture, placing them, as far as possible, in a chronological sequence in regard to the periods of their existence, and countries in which they flourished. In some cases I have also thought it desirable to give a brief account of the religion of those nations that have created distinct styles of architecture and ornament; for in many cases, such as in the art of the ancient world and of the Middle Ages, we find that the art of a country was so bound up with the religion of its people, that to understand the former it is indispensable to have some knowledge of their religious ceremonies and beliefs. I have here to express my indebtedness to various writers on ornamental art whom I have named in the pages of these volumes for some useful points of information, and to them and the publishers of this work for the use of the greater portion of the blocks of illustrations. I have also to thank Mr. T. M. Lindsay for the use of his drawing of the monument of Lysikrates, and the Science and Art Department for permission to use many of the illustrations of their excellent handbooks on decorative art. In a succeeding volume to this work, the various divisions of the Industrial Arts and Crafts will be treated in their historical developments of decoration and workmanship. In conclusion, I trust that the contents of these pages will be helpful to students in art schools, and to others who may desire to have an introduction to the fascinating study of Historic Ornament. J. WARD. CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER II. PREHISTORIC ORNAMENT—PALÆOLITHIC PERIOD OR EARLY STONE AGE—RIVER 7 DRIFT AND CAVE-MEN CHAPTER III. NEOLITHIC STONE PERIOD 14 CHAPTER IV. THE BRONZE AGE 21 CHAPTER V. THE IRON AGE 35 CHAPTER VI. THE LAKE DWELLINGS OF SWITZERLAND AND OTHER PARTS OF EUROPE 48 CHAPTER VII. EGYPTIAN ART—HISTORY—ARCHITECTURE—INDUSTRIAL ARTS 55 CHAPTER VIII. CHALDEAN AND ASSYRIAN ART—HISTORY—ARCHITECTURE—INDUSTRIAL ART 112