LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. ROMAN. PAGE THE CASTLE OF ST. ANGELO _Frontispiece_. ROME FROM THE DOME OF ST. PETER'S 18 THE FORUM OF ROME 26 BRUTUS ORDERING THE EXECUTION OF HIS SONS 40 HORATIUS KEEPING THE BRIDGE 46 THE SACRIFICE OF VIRGINIA 75 RUINS OF THE ROMAN AQUEDUCTS 106 HANNIBAL CROSSING THE ALPS 139 THE BATHS OF CARACALLA 150 THE ASSASSINATION OF CAESAR 218 ANTONY'S ORATION OVER CAESAR 224 THE GALLEY OF CLEOPATRA 230 THE TOMB OF HADRIAN 260 A ROMAN CHARIOT RACE 275 THE COLISEUM AT ROME 282 THE JEWS' WAILING PLACE, JERUSALEM 294 THE RUINS OF POMPEII 306 EQUESTRIAN STATUE OF MARCUS AURELIUS 309 ARCH OF TITUS, ROME 320 THE LAST COMBAT OF THE GLADIATORS 333 _HOW ROME WAS FOUNDED._ Very far back in time, more than twenty-six hundred years ago, on the banks of a small Italian river, known as the Tiber, were laid the foundations of a city which was in time to become the conqueror of the civilized world. Of the early days of this renowned city of Rome we know very little. What is called its history is really only legend,--stories invented by poets, or ancient facts which became gradually changed into romances. The Romans believed them, but that is no reason why we should. They believed many things which we doubt. And yet these romantic stories are the only existing foundation-stones of actual Roman history, and we can do no better than give them for what little kernel of fact they may contain. In our tales from Greek history it has been told how the city of Troy was destroyed, and how AEneas, one of its warrior chiefs, escaped. After many adventures this fugitive Trojan prince reached Italy and founded there a new kingdom. His son Ascanius afterwards built the city of Alba Longa (the long white city) not far from the site of the later city of Rome. Three hundred years passed away, many kings came and went, and then Numitor, a descendant of AEneas, came to the throne. But Numitor had an ambitious brother, Amulius, who robbed him of his crown, and, while letting him live, killed his only son and shut up his daughter Silvia in the temple of the goddess Vesta, to guard the ever-burning fire of that deity.