Cities and towns -- Middle Atlantic States; Middle Atlantic States -- History
The Revolutionary epoch was fitly brought to a close by a meeting of
Congress in Nassau Hall. On June 20, 1783, three hundred Pennsylvania
soldiers who were discontented with the terms of their discharge marched
from Lancaster to Philadelphia and beset the doors of Congress, holding
that assembly imprisoned for three hours under threat of violence if
their wrongs were not redressed. The legislators resolved to adjourn
to Princeton. They were made heartily welcome, the college halls were
put at their disposal, and the houses of the citizens were hospitably
opened for their entertainment. Their sessions were held regularly in the
College library for over four months, until the fourth of November, when
they adjourned to meet at Annapolis three weeks later. Washington was
in Princeton twice during this time: once at commencement in September,
when he made a present of fifty guineas to the trustees—a sum they spent
for the portrait by Peale which now hangs in Nassau Hall, filling, it
is said, the very frame from which that of George II. was shot away
during the battle. The second time he came in October, at the request of
Boudinot, President of Congress, and a trustee of the College, to give
advice concerning such weighty matters as the organization of a standing
army to defend the frontiers, of a militia to maintain internal order,
and of the military school. The Commander-in-Chief was received in solemn
session and congratulated by the President on the success of the war. He
replied in fitting terms. According to tradition he occupied while in
attendance on Congress a room in a house now replaced by the handsome
Pyne dormitory on the corner of Witherspoon and Nassau Streets, but his
residence was the colonial mansion three miles away on the hill above the
town of Rocky Hill which has been preserved as a historical monument and
revolutionary museum by the liberality of Mrs. Josephine Swann. It was
from this place that he issued his famous farewell address to the army.
But the greatest occasion in Princeton’s history was on the thirty-first
of the same month. Congress had assembled in the Prayer Hall to receive
in solemn audience the minister plenipotentiary from the Netherlands.
There were present, besides the members, Washington, Morris, the
superintendent of finance, Luzerne, the French envoy, and many other
men of eminence. The company had just assembled when news came that
the Treaty of Peace had been signed at Versailles. Many brilliant and
beautiful women were present, and their unchecked delight doubled the
enthusiasm of all. The reception was the most splendid public function
thus far held by the now independent republic. On the twenty-fifth of
November the British evacuated New York. Washington left Princeton to
attend the ceremony, and afterward journeyed by Annapolis to his home at
Mt. Vernon. He believed that, his military career being concluded, he was
to spend the rest of his days as a private gentleman.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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