The sale which this work has had in its original form has induced my publisher to recommend a cheaper and more popular one; and I myself gladly seize the opportunity of correcting some of the errors in print and expression which, though gradually diminished in preceding editions, left even the last edition imperfect. An author with ordinary modesty must always be conscious of many defects in his own work. I am so in mine. Still I venture to say that the portraits I have drawn have, upon the whole, been thought truthful and impartial; and though I have been often reminded of the difficulty which Sir Walter Raleigh, when writing the History of the World, experienced in ascertaining the real particulars of a tumult that took place under his windows--almost every anecdote one hears on the best authority being certain to find contradiction in some of its particulars--I have not refrained from quoting those anecdotes which came to me from good authority or the general report of the period; since a story which brings into relief the reputed character of the person it is applied to, and which, to use the Italian proverb, ought to be true if it is not so, is far from being indifferent to history. In conclusion, I cannot but express my thanks, not only to public, but to private and previously unknown critics, whose remarks have always received a willing and grateful attention, and to whose suggestions I am greatly indebted. _Nov. 6, 1869._ TALLEYRAND, THE POLITIC MAN. PART I. FROM THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE REVOLUTION TO THE EXPOSITION OF THE STATE OF THE NATION. Different types of men.--M. de Talleyrand, the politic man.--Character of the eighteenth century, which had formed him.--Birth, personal description, entry into church.--Causes of revolution.--States-General.--Talleyrand’s influence over clergy; over the decision as to the instructions of members, and the drawing up of the rights of man.--Courage in times of danger.--Financial knowledge.--Propositions relative to church property.--Discredit with the Court party.--Popularity with the Assembly.--Charged to draw up its manifesto to the nation.--Project about uniformity of weights and measures. I. There are many men in all times who employ themselves actively in public affairs; but very few amongst these deserve the title of “Men of action.” The rare individuals who justly claim this designation, and whose existence exercises so important an influence over the age in which they appear, must possess, in no ordinary degree, intelligence, energy, and judgment; but these qualities are found blended in different degrees in the different classes or types of men who, as soldiers, sovereigns, or statesmen, command the destiny of their times.