[16] He was a native of Savoy, Italy, and was with Sebastian de Belalcazar during the latter's conquest of Quito. Juan de Velasco, _Histoire du royaume de Quito_, French translation by Ternaux-Compans, Introd. p. viii. He wrote the following books: _Conquista de la Provincia del Quito: Ritos y Ceremonias de los Indios_; _Las dos Lineas de los Incas y de los Scyris en las Provincias del Perú y del Quito_; _Cartas Informativas de lo Obrado en las Provincias del Perú y del Cuzco_. These manuscripts may still exist. According to Fray Augustin de Vetancurt (Menologio Franciscano, ed. of 1871, pp. 117, 118, 119), he was born at Nizza, and in 1531 came to America, being in Peru in 1532. Thence he went to Nicaragua and Mexico. He was provincial from 1540 to 1543, and died at Mexico, March 25, 1558. [17] Fray Marcos Nizza, _Descubrimiento de las Siete Ciudades_, p. 329. [18] Nizza, p. 332. Herrera, dec. vi. lib. vii. cap. vii. p. 156. [19] In _Documentos para la Historia de Méjico_, 1856, 4 série, vol. i. p. 327. The diary has not even a title. Mentioned by Father Jacob Sedelmair, S. J., _Relacion que hizo ... Misionero de Tubatama_, in _Documentos para la Historia de Méjico_, 3a série, vol. ii. pp. 846, 848, 857, 859. [20] On the map of Father Eusebio Francisco Kino, in _Der neue Weltbott_, by P. Joseph Stöcklein, vol. i. 2d edition, 1728, there appears St. Ludov. de Bacapa. The diary of Mange, p. 327, is explicit. [21] Manuel Orozco y Berra, _Geografía de las Lenguas y Carta Etnográfica de México_, part iii. cap. xxiii. pp. 345-353, etc. Francisco Pimentel, _Cuadro Descriptivo y Comparativo de las Lenguas Indígenas de México_, 1865, vol. ii. pp. 91, 92-116. [22] The fact that he became the guide of Coronado, and led him to Cibola, indicates that Fray Marcos crossed the Gila, since otherwise the Spaniards would have traversed the Sierra Madre, and entered New Mexico from Chihuahua. It is true that the general direction of Coronado's march from Culiacan was from south to north, inclining to the _east_. [23] The attest of D. Antonio de Mendoza, concerning Nizza's report, bears the date, Mexico, 2 Sept., 1539. Consequently, Fray Marcos had returned previously. See _Relation du Voyage de Cibola_, Ternaux-Compans, Appendix, p. 282. [24] This word is said to be now found only in the dialect of the pueblo of Isleta, south of Santa Fé, under the form _sibúlodá_, buffalo. Albert S. Gatschet, _Zwölf Sprachen aus dem Südwesten Nord Amerika's_, Weimar, 1876, p. 106. [25] Herrera, _Descripcion de las Indias_, cap. ix. p. 17, says that Mexico has 4,000 vecinos. This was in 1610, about. [26] Lewis H. Morgan, _On the Ruins of a Stone Pueblo on the Animas River_, in _12th Annual Report of the Peabody Museum of American Archæology_, etc., 1880, p. 550. [27] _The Spanish Conquest of New Mexico_, Doylestown, Pa., 1869. [28] Pedro de Castañeda y Nagera, _Relation du Voyage de Cibola_, translation of Ternaux-Compans, Paris, 1838, part ii. cap. iii. p. 163.