TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. Bold text is denoted by =equal signs=. Footnotes are moved to the end of the book. Some minor changes to the text are noted at the end of the book. [Illustration: Drawn by Emma Roche. Abaché.] Historic Sketches of the South By Emma Langdon Roche _Drawings and Photographs by Author_ The Knickerbocker Press New York 1914 COPYRIGHT BY EMMA LANGDON ROCHE 1914 The Knickerbocker Press, New York CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN SLAVERY 1 II. EARLY LEGISLATION AGAINST THE SLAVE TRAFFIC 19 III. ILLEGAL TRAFFIC IN SLAVES 49 IV. PREPARATIONS FOR “CLOTILDE’S” VOYAGE 65 V. THE CAPTURE OF THE TARKARS 74 VI. VOYAGE OF THE “CLOTILDE” 84 VII. THE RETURN 92 VIII. THE TARKARS AT DABNEY’S PLANTATION 98 IX. TARKAR LIFE IN AMERICA 103 X. IMPRESSIONS OF ALABAMA IN 1846[1] 129 ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE ABACHÉ _Frontispiece_ Drawn by Emma Roche. POLEETE 73 Drawn by Emma Roche. ABACHÉ AND KAZOOLA 79 MAP DRAWN BY KAZOOLA 89 (_1_) Tarkar Village. (_2_) Dahomey’s Land. (_3_) Wavering line showing stealthy march of Dahomeyans through forest. (_4_) Route by which captive Tarkars were taken to the sea. (_5_), (_6_), (_7_), (_8_), Eko, Budigree, Adaché, Whydah, towns through which Tarkars passed. (_9_) River. (_10_) Beach and sea. KAZOOLA 97 Drawn by Emma Roche. WRECK OF THE “CLOTILDE.” 103 CHARLEE 109 OLOUALA 117 Drawn by Emma Roche. CHARLEE, HEAD OF THE TARKARS 127 Drawn by Emma Roche. KAZOOLA 131 ZOOMA, THE LAST TARKBAR 139 Historic Sketches of the South CHAPTER I THE BEGINNINGS OF AMERICAN SLAVERY