sealed up again from intercourse with the outer world." _Cassell's Illustrated History of England, volume 9, chapter 28._ "The task of permanently uniting Abyssinia, in which Theodore failed, proved equally impracticable to John, who came to the front, in the first instance, as an ally of the British, and afterwards succeeded to the sovereignty. By his fall (10th March, 1889) in the unhappy war against the Dervishes or Moslem zealots of the Soudan, the path was cleared for Menilek of Shoa, who enjoyed the support of Italy. The establishment of the Italians on the Red Sea littoral ... promises a new era for Abyssinia." _T. Nöldeke, Sketches from Eastern History, chapter 9._ ALSO IN _H. A. Stern, The Captive Missionary._ _H. M. Stanley, Coomassie and Magdala, part 2._ ACABA, the Pledges of. See MAHOMETAN CONQUEST: A. D. 609-632. ACADEMY, The Athenian. "The Academia, a public garden in the neighbourhood of Athens, was the favourite resort of Plato, and gave its name to the school which he founded. This garden was planted with lofty plane-trees, and adorned with temples and statues; a gentle stream rolled through it." _G. H. Lewes, Biog. History of Philosophy, 6th Epoch_. The masters of the great schools of philosophy at Athens "chose for their lectures and discussions the public buildings which were called gymnasia, of which there were several in different quarters of the city. They could only use them by the sufferance of the State, which had built them chiefly for bodily exercises and athletic feats. ... Before long several of the schools drew themselves apart in special buildings, and even took their most familiar names, such as the Lyceum and the Academy, from the gymnasia in which they made themselves at home. Gradually we find the traces of some material provisions, which helped to define and to perpetuate the different sects. Plato had a little garden, close by the sacred Eleusinian Way, in the shady groves of the Academy, which he bought, says Plutarch, for some 3,000 drachmæ. There lived also his successors, Xenocrates and Polemon. ... Aristotle, as we know, in later life had taught in the Lyceum, in the rich grounds near the Ilissus, and there he probably possessed the house and garden which after his death came into the hands of his successor, Theophrastus." _W. W. Capes, University life in Ancient Athens, pages. 31-33._ For a description of the Academy, the Lyceum, and other gymnasia of Athens. See GYMNASIA GREEK. Concerning the suppression of the Academy, See ATHENS: A. D. 529. ACADIA. See NOVA SCOTIA. ACADIANS, The, and the British Government. Their expulsion. See NOVA SCOTIA: A. D. 1713-1730; 1749-1755, and 1755. ACARNANIANS. See AKARNANIANS. ACAWOIOS, The.