Map of the Roman Empire at its greatest extent, under Trajan (A. D. 116), To follow page 2712 Map of Europe at the death of Justinian (A. D. 565), To follow page 2742 Two maps, of Eastern Europe and Central Europe, in 1715, To follow page 2762 Four development maps of Spain, 9th, 11th, 12th and 13th centuries, To follow page 2976 LOGICAL OUTLINE, IN COLORS. Roman history, To follow page 2656 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLES. Ninth and Tenth Centuries, To follow page 2746 {2359} NICÆA OR NICE: The founding of the city. Nicæa, or Nice, in Bithynia, was founded by Antigonus, one of the successors of Alexander the Great, and received originally the name Antigonea. Lysimachus changed the name to Nicæa, in honor of his wife. NICÆA OR NICE: Capture by the Goths. See GOTHS: A. D. 258-267. NICÆA OR NICE: A. D. 325. The First Council. "Constantine … determined to lay the question of Arianism [see ARIANISM] before an Œcumenical council. … The council met [A. D. 325] at Nicæa—the 'City of Victory'—in Bithynia, close to the Ascanian Lake, and about twenty miles from Nicomedia. … It was an Eastern council, and, like the Eastern councils, was held within a measurable distance from the seat of government. … Of the 318 bishops … who subscribed its decrees, only eight came from the West, and the language in which the Creed was composed was Greek, which scarcely admitted of a Latin rendering. The words of the Creed are even now recited by the Russian Emperor at his coronation. Its character, then, is strictly Oriental. … Of the 318 members of the Council, we are told by Philostorgius, the Arian historian, that 22 espoused the cause of Arius, though other writers regard the minority as still less, some fixing it at 17, others at 15, others as low as 13. But of those 318 the first place in rank, though not the first in mental power and energy of character, was accorded to the aged bishop of Alexandria. He was the representative of the most intellectual diocese in the Eastern Church. He alone, of all the bishops, was named 'Papa,' or 'Pope.' The 'Pope of Rome' was a phrase which had not yet emerged in history; but 'Pope of Alexandria' was a well-known title of dignity." _R. W. Bush, St. Athanasius, chapter 6._ ALSO IN: _A. P. Stanley, Lectures on the History of the Eastern Church, lectures 3-5._ NICÆA OR NICE: A. D. 1080. Acquired by the Turks. The capital of the Sultan of Roum. See TURKS (THE SELJUK): A. D. 1073-1092. NICÆA OR NICE: A. D. 1096-1097. Defeat and slaughter of the First Crusaders. Recovery from the Turks. See CRUSADES: A. D. 1096-1099. NICÆA OR NICE: A. D. 1204-1261. Capital of the Greek Empire. See GREEK EMPIRE OF NICÆA. NICÆA OR NICE: A. D. 1330. Capture by the Ottoman Turks. See TURKS (OTTOMAN): A. D. 1326-1359.