[Transcriber's Notes: These modifications are intended to provide continuity of the text for ease of searching and reading. 1. To avoid breaks in the narrative, page numbers (shown in curly brackets "{1234}") are usually placed between paragraphs. In this case the page number is preceded and followed by an empty line. To remove page numbers use the Regular Expression: "^{[0-9]+}" to "" (empty string) 2. If a paragraph is exceptionally long, the page number is placed at the nearest sentence break on its own line, but without surrounding empty lines. 3. Blocks of unrelated text are moved to a nearby break between subjects. 5. Use of em dashes and other means of space saving are replaced with spaces and newlines. 6. Subjects are arranged thusly: --------------------------------- MAIN SUBJECT TITLE IN UPPER CASE Subheading one. Subheading two. Subject text. See CROSS REFERENCE ONE. See Also CROSS REFERENCE TWO. _John Smith, External Citation Title, Chapter 3, page 89._ --------------------------------- Main titles are at the left margin, in all upper case (as in the original) and are preceded by an empty line. Subheadings (if any) are indented three spaces and immediately follow the main title. Text of the article (if any) follows the list of subtitles (if any) and is preceded with an empty line and indented three spaces. References to other articles in this work are in all upper case (as in the original) and indented six spaces. They usually begin with "See", "Also" or "Also in". Citations of works outside this book are indented six spaces and in italics (as in the original). The bibliography in Volume 1, APPENDIX F on page xxi provides additional details, including URLs of available internet versions. ----------Subject: Start-------- ----------Subject: End---------- indicates the start/end of a group of subheadings or other large block. To search for words separated by an unknown number of other characters, use this Regular Expression to find the words "first" and "second" separated by between 1 and 100 characters: "first.{1,100}second" A list of all words used in this work is found at the end of this file as an aid for finding words with unusual spellings that are archaic, contain non-Latin letters, or are spelled differently by various authors. Search for: "Word List: Start". I use these free search tools: Notepad++ -- https://notepad-plus-plus.org Agent Ransack or FileLocator Pro -- https://www.mythicsoft.com Several tables are best viewed using a fixed spacing font such Courier New. End Transcriber's Notes.] ---------------------------------- [Image: Spine] [Image: Map of Asia] [Image: Map of Asia] HISTORY FOR READY REFERENCE. FROM THE BEST HISTORIANS, BIOGRAPHERS, AND SPECIALISTS