I use these free search tools: Notepad++ — https://notepad-plus-plus.org Agent Ransack or FileLocator Pro — https://www.mythicsoft.com Several tables are best viewed using a fixed spacing font such Courier New. End Transcriber's Notes.] {i} HISTORY FOR READY REFERENCE FROM THE BEST HISTORIANS, BIOGRAPHERS, AND SPECIALISTS THEIR OWN WORDS IN A COMPLETE SYSTEM OF HISTORY FOR ALL USES, EXTENDING TO ALL COUNTRIES AND SUBJECTS, AND REPRESENTING FOR BOTH READERS AND STUDENTS THE BETTER AND NEWER LITERATURE OF HISTORY IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE BY J. N. LARNED WITH NUMEROUS HISTORICAL MAPS FROM ORIGINAL STUDIES AND DRAWINGS BY ALAN C. REILEY REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION IN SEVEN VOLUMES Volume VII.—RECENT HISTORY (1901 TO 1910) A to Z SPRINGFIELD, MASS. THE C. A. NICHOLS CO., PUBLISHERS 1910 {ii} Copyright, 1910, BY J. N. LARNED. _The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A._ Printed by H. O. Houghton & Company {iii} PREFACE TO THE SEVENTH VOLUME In the preface to the Sixth Volume of this work, published in the spring of 1901, it was remarked that the last half-dozen years of the Nineteenth Century, which that Volume covered, had been filled with events so remarkable and changes so revolutionary in political and social conditions that many people had asked for an extension of my work to report them. The years then reviewed disclosed only the beginnings of what the decade since has been developing, in movements and achievements so varied, so numerous, in such rapid succession, with effects so profound and so problematical, that their appeal to our interest seems the strongest that has come to us yet from human history. That the interest in them justifies this further extension of my compilation of "recent history" has been made clear to me by the frequency of the suggestions of another Volume which have come to the publisher and to myself. In the new Volume I have striven to make a clear exhibit of all these strangely pregnant evolutionary and revolutionary movements of the present time, which are traversing all divisions and institutions of all society, occidental and oriental, along all the lines of its organization,—international, national, municipal, political, industrial, intellectual, moral,—leaving nothing in life untouched.