See ENGLAND: A. D. 1647 (APRIL-AUGUST). ADLIYAH, The. See ISLAM. ADOLPH (of Nassau), King of Germany, A. D. 1291-1298. ADOLPHUS FREDERICK, King of Sweden, A. D. 1751-1771. ADOPTIONISM. A doctrine, condemned as heretical in the eighth century, which taught that "Christ, as to his human nature, was not truly the Son of God, but only His son by adoption." The dogma is also known as the Felician heresy, from a Spanish bishop, Felix, who was prominent among its supporters. Charlemagne took active measures to suppress the heresy. _J. I. Mombert, History of Charles the Great, book 2, chapter 12._ ADRIA, Proposed Kingdom of. See ITALY: A. D. 1343-1389. ADRIAN VI., Pope, A. D. 1522-1523. ADRIANOPLE. HADRIANOPLE. A city in Thrace founded by the Emperor Hadrian and designated by his name. It was the scene of Constantine's victory over Licinius in A. D. 323 (see ROME: 'A. D. 305-323), and of the defeat and death of Valens in battle with the Goths (see GOTHS (VISIGOTHS): A. D. 378). In 1361 it became for some years the capital of the Turks in Europe (see TURKS: A. D. 1360-1389). It was occupied by the Russians in 1829, and again in 1878 (see TURKS: A. D. 1826-1829, and A. D. 1877-1878), and gave its name to the Treaty negotiated in 1829 between Russia and the Porte (see GREECE: A. D. 1821-1829). ADRIATIC, The Wedding of the. See VENICE: A. D. 1177, and 14TH CENTURY. ADRUMETUM. See CARTHAGE, THE DOMINION OF. ADUATUCI, The. See BELGÆ. ADULLAM, Cave of. When David had been cast out by the Philistines, among whom he sought refuge from the enmity of Saul, "his first retreat was the Cave of Adullam, probably the large cavern not far from Bethlehem, now called Khureitun. From its vicinity to Bethlehem, he was joined there by his whole family, now feeling themselves insecure from Saul's fury. … Besides these were outlaws from every part, including doubtless some of the original Canaanites—of whom the name of one at least has been preserved, Ahimelech the Hittite. In the vast columnar halls and arched chambers of this subterranean palace, all who had any grudge against the existing system gathered round the hero of the coming age." _Dean Stanley, Lectures on the History of the Jewish Church, lecture 22._ ADULLAMITES, The. See ENGLAND: A. D. 1865-1868. {9} ADWALTON MOOR, Battle of (A. D. 1643). This was a battle fought near Bradford, June 29, 1643, in the great English Civil War. The Parliamentary forces, under Lord Fairfax, were routed by the Royalists, under Newcastle. _C. R. Markham, Life of the Great Lord Fairfax, chapter 11._ ÆAKIDS (Æacids).