See MACEDONIA, &c.: B. C. 330-323; and INDIA: B. C. 327-312. AFGHANISTAN: B. C. 301-246. In the Syrian Empire. See SELEUCIDÆ; and MACEDONIA, &c.: 310-301 and after. AFGHANISTAN: A. D. 999-1183. The Ghaznevide Empire. See TURKS: A. D. 999-1183; and INDIA: A. D. 977-1290. AFGHANISTAN: A. D. 13th Century. Conquests of Jinghis-Khan. See MONGOLS: A. D. 1153-1227; and INDIA: A. D. 977-1290. AFGHANISTAN: A. D. 1380-1386. Conquest by Timour. See Timour. AFGHANISTAN: A. D. 1504. Conquest by Babar. See INDIA: A. D. 1399-1605. AFGHANISTAN: A. D. 1722. Mahmoud's conquest of Persia. See PERSIA: A. D. 1499-1887. AFGHANISTAN: A. D. 1737-1738. Conquest by Nadir Shah. See INDIA: A. D. 1662-1748. AFGHANISTAN: A. D. 1747-1761. The Empire of the Dooranie, Ahmed Abdallee. His Conquests in India. See INDIA; A. D. 1747-1761. AFGHANISTAN: A. D. 1803-1838. Shah Soojah and Dost Mahomed. English interference. "Shah Soojah-ool Moolk, a grandson of the illustrious Ahmed Shah, reigned in Afghanistan from 1803 till 1809. His youth had been full of trouble and vicissitude. He had been a wanderer, on the verge of starvation, a pedlar, and a bandit, who raised money by plundering caravans. His courage was lightly reputed, and it was as a mere creature of circumstance that he reached the throne. His reign was perturbed, and in 1809 he was a fugitive and an exile. Runjeet Singh, the Sikh ruler of the Punjaub, defrauded him of the famous Koh-i-noor, which is now the most precious of the crown jewels of England, and plundered and imprisoned the fallen man. Shah Soojah at length escaped from Lahore. After further misfortunes he at length reached the British frontier station of Loodianah, and in 1816 became a pensioner of the East India Company. After the downfall of Shah Soojah, Afghanistan for many years was a prey to anarchy. At length in 1826, Dost Mahomed succeeded in making himself supreme at Cabul, and this masterful man thenceforward held sway until his death in 1863, uninterruptedly save during the three years of the British occupation. Dost Mahomed was neither kith nor kin to the legitimate dynasty which he displaced. His father Poyndah Khan was an able statesman and gallant soldier. He left twenty-one sons, of whom Futteh Khan was the eldest, and Dost Mahomed one of the youngest. … Throughout his long reign Dost Mahomed was a strong and wise ruler. His youth had been neglected and dissolute. His education was defective, and he had been addicted to wine. Once seated on the throne, the reformation of our Henry V. was not more thorough than was that of Dost Mahomed. He taught himself to read and write, studied the Koran, became scrupulously abstemious, assiduous in affairs, no longer truculent, but courteous. … There was a fine