Notwithstanding the misfortunes that befel Caractacus, the Britons were
not subdued; and this island was regarded by the ambitious Romans as a
field in which military honor might still be acquired. During the reign
of Nero, Suetonius Paulinus was invested with the command, and prepared
to signalise his name by victories over these barbarians. Finding that
the island of Mona, (now Anglesey), was the chief seat of the Druids, he
resolved to attack it, and to subject a place which was the centre of
superstition, and which afforded protection to all their baffled forces.
The Britons endeavoured to obstruct his landing on this sacred island,
both by the force of arms and the terrors of their religion. The women
and priests were intermingled with the soldiers upon the shore, and
running about with flaming torches in their hands, and tossing their
dishevelled hair; they struck greater terror into the astonished Romans
by their howlings, cries, and execrations, than the real danger from the
armed forces. But Suetonius exhorting his troops to contemn a
superstition which they despised, impelled them to the attack, drove the
Britons off the field, burned the Druids in the same fires which they had
prepared for their captive enemies, destroyed all the consecrated groves
and altars, and, having thus triumphed over the religion of the Britons,
he thought his future progress would be easy in reducing the people to
subjection.
The Britons, taking advantage of the absence of Suetonius, were shortly
after in arms, headed by Boadicea, the Queen of the Iceni, who had been
treated in the most ignominious manner by the Roman tribunes, and had
already attacked with success several settlements of their insulting
conquerors; the Romans, and all strangers, to the number of 70,000,
resident in London, are said to have been massacred: thus determined were
the British to cut off all hopes of peace or compromise with the enemy.
But this cruelty was revenged by Suetonius, in a great and decisive
battle, where 80,000 Britons perished, and Boadicea herself, rather than
fall into the hands of the enraged victor, put an end to her own life by
poison. But the dominion of the Romans was not finally established till
A.D. 80, when the Roman legions were placed under the command of Julius
Agricola. This celebrated commander formed a regular plan of subduing
Britain, and rendering the acquisition useful to the conquerors. He
carried his victorious arms northward, defeated the Britons in every
encounter, pierced into the forests and mountains of Caledonia, reduced
everything to subjection in the southern parts of the island and chased
before him all the men of fiercer and more intractable spirits, who
deemed war and death itself less tolerable than servitude under the
victors. Agricola endeavoured to secure his conquest by erecting a chain
of forts across the isthmus between the Frith of Forth and the Clyde, and
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