There is, however, another historical event which had a far more
universal and direct bearing on English words, and that is the
Revival of Learning. The new intercourse with the ancient literatures
of Greece and Rome naturally brought into English a positive stream
of “literary borrowings”. At first these were mostly Latin words. If
we try to imagine an English from which such words as _accommodate_,
_capable_, _capacious_, _compute_, _corroborate_, _distinguish_,
_efficacy_, _estimate_, _experiment_, _insinuate_, _investigate_,
and a host of others equally common are as yet absent, we may partly
realize what an important part was played by the Renaissance in
producing the language in which we speak and think. There is indeed
good evidence that the stream of new words flowed too fast at this
time for ordinary people to keep up with it. For instance, many of
the Latin words that were borrowed have since fallen out of use.
At the beginning of the seventeenth century Francis Bacon, who is
not a fantastic writer, was using such unfamiliar expressions as
_contentation_, _contristation_, _digladiation_, _morigeration_,
_redargution_, _ventosity_, ... and somewhat before this, when
the Classical influx was at its height, it was conspicuous enough
to call forth several amusing parodies. We remember Shakespeare’s
Holofernes in _Love’s Labour’s Lost_, and Sir Thomas Wilson includes
in his _Arte of Rhetorike_ a fictitious letter applying for a church
benefice, in which he satirizes as follows the Klondyke rush after
fashionable Latinity:
Pondering, expending, and revoluting with myself, your ingent
affability, and ingenious capacity for mundane affairs: I cannot
but celebrate and extoll your magnifical dexterity above all other.
For how could you have adepted such illustrate prerogative, and
domestical superiority, if the fecundity of your ingeny had not
been so fertile and wonderful pregnant?...
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