One can also get a curiously vivid sense of the way in which new
Latin words had been streaming into the language during the sixteenth
century from Bacon’s literary style. He is so fond of placing a
Latin and an English word side by side, in order to express what
is virtually a single idea, that two consecutive pages of the
_Advancement of Learning_ supply no less than ten examples of this
habit. Among them are _immoderate and overweening_, _action and
business_, _charge and accusation_, _eloquence and speech_. To
understand the exact effect which this kind of writing must have had
on the ears of his contemporaries we must try and realize the faintly
novel and difficult sound with which many of these Latin syllables
would still be ringing. No such effort is required, however, to
comprehend the way in which this deliberate duplication must have
helped to familiarize English people with the sound and meaning of
the new words.
Very soon the Greek language too began to be drawn upon, though never
to quite the same extent as Latin. Thus, English of the fifteenth
century must also be thought of as a language in which hundreds of
familiar words like _apology_, _apostrophe_, _bucolic_, _climax_,
_drama_, _emphasis_, _encyclopedia_, _epidemic_, _epilogue_,
_episode_, _hypothesis_, _hysterical_, _paragraph_, _parallel_,
_paraphrase_, _physical_, do not yet exist, for these are all
examples of words which came in with the Renaissance.[17] The number
of technical terms of art and literature is particularly noticeable,
and it was now that the foundations were laid of that almost
automatic system whereby a new Greek-English word is coined to mark
each advance that is made in science, and especially in mechanical
science. _Automatic_ is itself an example, and it is hardly necessary
to add _chronometer_, _dynamo_, _magneto_, _metronome_, _telescope_,
_theodolite_, _thermometer_,...
But though the stern lovers of their native tongue were thus
hopelessly outclassed, yet the mere existence of the conservative
feeling which they tried to voice must have acted as a useful
brake on the too indiscriminate adoption of new words. The English
language was, in fact, settling down. It was in the future to receive
countless additions—never to change its very essence as it had done
in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. And thus, as we look on
towards the modern period, we find only fewer and more scattered
historical vestiges. But if we can no longer expect etymology to tell
us anything approaching to a complete and coherent tale, it will
nevertheless still light up for us from different angles different
little portions of that dark, mysterious mass, the past.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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