The ferment provoked by the publication of Darwin’s _Origin of Species_ profoundly affected, as was natural, the nascent science of Anthropology. At the meeting of the British Association in Nottingham in 1866 Dr. James Hunt read an address before the Anthropological Department to show that “the recent application of Mr. Darwin’s hypothesis of ‘natural selection’ to anthropology by some of Mr. Darwin’s disciples is wholly unwarranted either by logic or by facts.”[45] In this address he said that he still believed the deduction he had made three years previously—“that there is as good reason for classifying the negro as a distinct. species from the European as there is for making the ass a distinct species from the zebra; and if, in classification, we take intelligence into consideration, there is a far greater difference between the negro and the European than between the gorilla and chimpanzee.” He insisted that “anthropologists are bound to take the totality of the characteristics of the different types of man into consideration. “It is to be regretted, however,” Dr. Hunt continues, “that there are many writers in Germany who have recently written as though the question of man’s place in nature were settled”; but he is delighted to find that “Professor Carl Vogt is doing all he can to show the fallacy of the unity hypothesis.” He quotes Professor Vogt as saying: “This much is certain, that each of these anthropoid apes has its peculiar characters by which it approaches man.... If, in the different regions of the globe, anthropoid apes may issue from different stocks, we cannot see why these different stocks should be denied further development into the human type, and that only one stock should possess this privilege. The further we go back in history the greater is the contrast between individual types, the more opposed are the characters.” Footnote 45: _Anth. Rev._, iv., 320. The controversies and discussions of this period were not confined to those who had technical knowledge or scientifically trained minds. All sorts of people joined in the fray, mainly because they fancied that the new ideas were subversive of “revealed religion”; but it would serve no useful purpose to recall the false statements and bitter expressions that were bandied about. Some had merely a sentimental objection to the doctrine of evolution; but at the present day most people would subscribe to the declaration of Broca, who wrote: “Quant à moi, je trouve plus de gloire à monter qu’à descendre et si j’admettais l’intervention des impressions sentimentales dans les sciences, je dirais que j’aimerais mieux être un singe perfectionné qu’un Adam dégénéré.”[46] Footnote 46: _Mémoires d’Anthropologie_, iii., p. 146. [Sidenote: =The Negro’s Place in Nature.=]