Airy wrote expressing his interest, and asked for particulars about the
radius vector. Adams did not then reply, as the answer to this question
could be seen to be satisfactory by looking at the data already
supplied. He was a most unassuming man, and would not push himself
forward. He may have felt, after all the work he had done, that Airy’s
very natural inquiry showed no proportionate desire to search for the
planet. Anyway, the matter lay in embryo for nine months.
Meanwhile, one of the ablest French astronomers, Le Verrier,
experienced in computing perturbations, was independently at work,
knowing nothing about Adams. He applied to his calculations every
possible refinement, and, considering the novelty of the problem, his
calculation was one of the most brilliant in the records of astronomy.
In criticism it has been said that these were exhibitions of skill
rather than helps to a solution of the particular problem, and that, in
claiming to find the elements of the orbit within certain limits, he
was claiming what was, under the circumstances, impossible, as the
result proved.
In June, 1846, Le Verrier announced, in the _Comptes Rendus de
l’Academie des Sciences_, that the longitude of the disturbing planet,
for January 1st, 1847, was 325, and that the probable error did not
exceed 10°.
This result agreed so well with Adams’s (within 1°) that Airy urged
Challis to apply the splendid Northumberland equatoreal, at Cambridge,
to the search. Challis, however, had already prepared an exhaustive
plan of attack which must in time settle the point. His first work was
to observe, and make a catalogue, or chart, of all stars near Adams’s
position.
On August 31st, 1846, Le Verrier published the concluding part of his
labours.
On September 18th, 1846, Le Verrier communicated his results to the
Astronomers at Berlin, and asked them to assist in searching for the
planet. By good luck Dr. Bremiker had just completed a star-chart of
the very part of the heavens including Le Verrier’s position; thus
eliminating all of Challis’s preliminary work. The letter was received
in Berlin on September 23rd; and the same evening Galle found the new
planet, of the eighth magnitude, the size of its disc agreeing with Le
Verrier’s prediction, and the heliocentric longitude agreeing within
57’. By this time Challis had recorded, without reduction, the
observations of 3,150 stars, as a commencement for his search. On
reducing these, he found a star, observed on August 12th, which was not
in the same place on July 30th. This was the planet, and he had also
observed it on August 4th.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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