The Portuguese did not overlook the north while making their important discoveries to the south. Two vessels, probably in the spring of 1500, were sent out under Gaspar Cortereal. No journal or chart of the voyage is now in existence, hence little is known of its object or results. Still more dim is a previous voyage ascribed by Cordeiro to João Vaz Cortereal, father of Gaspar, about the time of Kolno, which, as Kunstmann views it, "requires further proof." Touching at the Azores, Gaspar Cortereal, possibly following Cabot's charts, struck the coast of Newfoundland north of Cape Race, and sailing north discovered a land which he called Terra Verde, perhaps Greenland, but was stopped by ice at a river which he named Rio Nevado, whose location is unknown. Cortereal returned to Lisbon before the end of 1500. _Cancellieri_, _Notizie di Colombo_, pp. 48-9; _Kunstmann_, _Entdeckung Am._, p. 57; _Galvano's Discov._, pp. 95-6; _Major's Prince Henry_, p. 374; _Kohl's Hist. Discov._, pp. 166-8, 174-7. Biddle, _Mem. Cabot_, pp. 137-261, thinks that Cortereal landed south of Cape Race; Humboldt, _Exam. Crit._, tom. iv. p. 222, is of the opinion that Terra Verde was not Greenland. In October of this same year Rodrigo de Bastidas sailed from Cádiz with two vessels. Touching the shore of South America near Isla Verde, which lies between Guadalupe and the main-land, he followed the coast westward to El Retrete, or perhaps Nombre de Dios, on the isthmus of Darien, in about 9° 30' north latitude. Returning, he was wrecked on Española toward the end of 1501, and reached Cádiz in September, 1502. This being the first authentic voyage by Europeans to the territory herein defined as the Pacific States, such incidents as are known will be given hereafter. For references to this voyage, see _Oviedo_, _Hist. Gen._, tom. i. p. 76; tom. ii. p. 334, where the date given is 1502; _Gomara_, _Hist. Ind._, fol. 67, date of voyage also 1502; _Viages Menores_, in _Navarrete_, tom. iii. pp. 25-8, 545-6; _Herrera_, _Hist. Gen._, dec. i. lib. iv. cap. xi.; _Galvano's Discov._, pp. 99-100, date of voyage 1503; _Humboldt_, _Exam. Crit._, tom. i. pp. 360-1; tom. iv. pp. 224; _Voyages, Curious and Ent._, p. 436; _Churchill's Col. Voy._, vol. viii. p. 375; _Harris' Col. Voy._, vol. i. p. 270; _Major's Prince Henry_, pp. 369-70; _Asiento que hizo con sus Majestades Católicas Rodrigo de Bastidas_, in _Pacheco_ and _Cárdenas_, _Col. Doc. Inéd._, tom. ii. pp. 362-467; _Robertson's Hist. Am._, vol. i. p. 159; _Quintana_, _Vidas de Españoles Célebres_, 'Balboa,' p. 1. [Sidenote: EARLIEST EXISTING MAPS.]