President Castilla—Port Santo Tomás Founded—Factions—A Gambling President—Condition of the Colonists—Grievances—Patronage of the Crown, the Audiencia, and the Cabildo—Disputes—Defensive Measures—Rule of President Caldas—Reorganization of the Audiencia—President Barrios and Bishop Navas—Political Dissensions—A Troublesome Visitador—The Berropistas and Tequelies—A Line of Bishops—Wealth of the Regular Orders—A Prelate Bewitched—The Bethlehemites—Royal Order concerning Curacies—The New Cathedral and Festivities—Succession—The Progress of Chiapas 649 CHAPTER XXXVI. THE ITZAS AND LACANDONES. 1601-1700. Early Efforts at Pacification—Priests and Soldiers Sacrificed—Massacre of Mirones and his Party—El Prospero Expedition—Indifference of the Orders—Bishop Navas in the Field—A Tripartite Campaign Determined upon—Expedition of President Barrios—Meeting with Mazariegos—Velasco's Operations—The Expeditions Return—Further Expeditions—Fate of Velasco and his Command—Failure—Ursua's Enterprise—Progress of Paredes—Negotiations with the Canek—Opposition of Soberanis—Ursua Takes Command—Treacherous Allurements—The Itzas Conquered—Peten Garrisoned—Jealousy of Soberanis—Unsatisfactory Operations—Questionable Possession 672 CHAPTER XXXVII. GUATEMALA AND CHIAPAS. 1701-1800. The Tzendal Rebellion—A New Miracle—Atrocities—A Novel Hierarchy—The Tzendales Repulsed—Segovia's Operations—President Cosío Assumes Command—Fall of Cancuc—Spread of the Rebellion—Its Suppression—Decadence of Chiapas—Earthquakes—Riots—Venality of the Clergy—Establishment of the Archbishopric—Heresy—Boundaries of Provinces—Abolition of Corregimientos—Another Great Earthquake—Quarrels over Removal—Expulsion of the Jesuits 696 HISTORY OF CENTRAL AMERICA. CHAPTER I. PIZARRO AND PERU. 1524-1544. ORIGIN AND CHARACTER OF THE CONQUEROR—THE TRIUMVIRATE COPARTNERSHIP OF PIZARRO, FRIAR LUQUE, AND DIEGO DE ALMAGRO FOR CONTINUING THE DISCOVERY OF ANDAGOYA—DEPARTURE—ATTITUDE OF PEDRARIAS—SLOW DEVELOPMENT OF THEIR PLANS—RETURN AND REËMBARKATION—PERSISTENCE OF PIZARRO—SUFFERINGS ON GALLO ISLAND—FATE DEFIED—DISCOVERY OF TUMBEZ AND THE COAST BEYOND—RETURN TO PANAMÁ—PIZARRO VISITS SPAIN—A NEW EXPEDITION—ABORIGINAL HISTORY OF PERU—THE RIVAL INCAS—ESTABLISHMENT OF THE SPANIARDS AT SAN MIGUEL—ATAHUALPA AT CAXAMALCA—THE SPANIARDS VISIT HIM THERE—SEIZURE OF THE INCA—PACIFICATION OF PERU—ARRIVAL OF ALMAGRO—DEATH OF FATHER LUQUE—JUDICIAL MURDER OF THE INCA—A KING'S RANSOM—DOWNFALL OF THE PERUVIAN MONARCHY—DISPUTES AND VIOLENT DEATHS OF THE ALMAGROS AND PIZARROS.