6. It produces a dreamy, self-satisfied, indolent, selfish, and non-progressive people. 7. It makes the people self-reflective, which doubtless accounts for their profound philosophical and mathematical discoveries. BUDDHA[10] Buddha lived in the first half of the sixth century B.C. He sought to overthrow Brahmanism and taught that all men are brothers, that they should show friendship, kindness, pity, and love toward their fellow-men. His religion and his spirit approach nearer to Christianity than any other oriental faith, and doubtless his influence was great for the uplifting of the race, though it cannot be classed as technically educational. "Self-denial, virtuous life, suppression of all self-seeking, love for fellow-men," said he, "are cardinal virtues which bring blessedness to mankind." T. W. Rhys Davids says, "Buddha did not abolish castes, as no castes existed at his time." Had the spirit of his teaching prevailed, India would never have been cursed by this baneful system. Buddhism is a religion based on moral acts. In a corrupted form it has many millions of adherents in China, Tibet, Japan, and other countries; but it is found in its purity only in Ceylon. FOOTNOTES: [4] The Aryans are supposed to have originally occupied the country east of the Caspian Sea, though some authorities locate them north of it. The branches of this race are the Hindus, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Celts, Teutons, and Slavs. These branches are related in language and color, and the peoples that find their common origin in the Aryans represent a large part of the world's enterprise and progress. [5] See article in Johonnot's "Geographical Reader," p. 197. [6] A commentary on the sacred book, the Veda of the Hindus. [7] Houghton, "Women of the Orient," p. 34. [8] A betrothed girl becomes a widow upon the death of her promised husband even though she be only two or three years old and may never have seen him. She must always remain a widow, and as such is constantly humiliated. [9] Williams, "History of Modern Education." [10] See North American Review, Vol. 171, p. 517. CHAPTER IV PERSIA =Literature.=--_Benjamin_, Story of Persia; _Ragozin_, The Story of Media, Babylon, and Persia; _Rawlinson_, The Seventh Great Oriental Monarchy; _Myers_, Ancient History; _Clarke_, Ten Great Religions; _Lord_, Beacon Lights of History; _Fergusson_, History of Architecture.