Mohammedanism, history of, 143-145. in India, 31. Monasteries, Alfred the Great establishes, 131. benefits to civilization by, 120. center of educational activity, 146. center of religious interest, 120. power of, 116. services to education, 102. suppress scientific discoveries, 116, 117. Monastic education, 116-120. Monitorial System, defined, 307. Montaigne, education of, 196. _Essays_, 197. influence on Locke, 223. pedagogy of, 195, 197, 198. Montanists, teachings of, 113. Monte Cassino, monastery at, 117, 118. Moravian Brethren, Comenius member of, 211, 213. Moravian School, Comenius teacher of, 212. Moses founder of Hebrew literature, 44. Moslemism. See Mohammedanism. Mother-school (_ecole maternelle_) in France, 298. Motive of education, among Jews, 52. in Athens, 59. in China, 27, 52. in Egypt, 52. in India, 34, 52. in Persia, 38, 52. in Rome, 80. in Sparta, 69, 71. Music, cultivation of, among Jews, 42. during Charlemagne's reign, 128. in Athens, 58, 59. in Egypt, 50. in monastic education, 119. in Sparta, 71. in Sturm's school course, 176. Nantes, university at, 141. Napoleon, quoted, 97. National Bureau of Education, in United States, 309, 310. National Herbart Society in America, 282. National Schools, Andrew Bell establishes, 305. Nature study, Christ advocates, 99. inductive methods lead to, 208. Navigation, in Milton's scheme of education, 219. Neander, Michael, teacher at Ilfeld, 179. text-books of, 180. Nero, pupil of Seneca, 84. Neuhof, Pestalozzi's experiment at, 261, 262. Nicole, leader of Port Royalists, 188. Nile, importance to Egypt, 46. Nile, inundations encourage mathematical study, 50. Nineteenth century education, general view, 237-240. See also Modern Educators and School Systems. Nisibis, catechetical school at, 107. Nitric acid discovered, 145. Normal schools, in France, 297, 300, 301. in Germany, 290, 294. in Massachusetts, 287. in United States, 314. La Salle establishes first, 228. teachers appointed in, 290. _Novum Organum_, Bacon's, 207. Obedience, cardinal Chinese virtue, 23. Object teaching, beginning of, 266. of Jansenists, 189. Pestalozzi's, 270. Occam, leader of scholasticism, 122. Occupation, a factor in education, 16. Odessa, catechetical school at, 107. first Christian common school at, 105. Olympia, Holy Land of Greece, 55. Olympiad, basis for computing time, 55. Olympian games, influence and character of, 54, 55. Orations of Cicero, 82, 83. Oratory, ideal of education in Rome, 77, 78, 80. Quintilian's views regarding, 87. _Orbis Pictus_, Comenius's first illustrated text-book, 214, 215. Order of Jesus. See Jesuits. Oriental civilization, basis of, 89. Oriental education, aim of, 91. summary of, 51, 52. Origen, character of, 110. education of, 110. pedagogy of, 110. service to education, 101.