Rome, 74-80. Age of Augustus, 74, 75. birth of Christ, 74. criticism of education, 80. education in, 77-79. educators of, 81-88. government in, 75. home in, 76. home training of children, 76, 77. influence of Greek culture on, 74. oratory highest art in education, 77, 80. persecution of Christians, 94. philosophers from, visit Museum of Alexandria, 50, 51. practical training of children, 79. religion of, 75. supremacy of, 74. utility the aim of education, 79. woman's status in, 90. Rosetta stone, furnishes key to interpretation of hieroglyphics, 47. Rostock, University of, 141. Rote learning, in Chinese schools, 24. Rouen, cloister school at, 118. Roundheads, struggles with cavaliers, 200. Rousseau, Jean Jacques, _Emile_, 244-248. influenced by Montaigne, 195, 196. life of, 241, 242. on Christ, 97. on education of women, 248. pedagogy of, 243. Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Pestalozzi applies principles of, 269, 270. scheme of education, as outlined in _Emile_, 244-248. works of, 243. Rugby, college, founded at, 174, 306. Russia, serfs freed in, 238. St. Augustine. See Augustine, St. St. Gall, cloister school at, 118, 120. Saint-Simon, on Fenelon, 224. Saladin, captures Jerusalem, 137. Salaries of teachers, in England, 308. in France, 300, 302. in Germany, 295. in United States, 314. Salerno, university at, 140. Sallust, Roman writer, 74. Salzburg, cloister school at, 118. Salzmann, leader of Philanthropin, 254. Sanskrit, language of India, 30, 34. Saracens, conquer Holy Land, 136. schools of, 140. Saxony School Plan, principles of, 172, 173, 174, 177. Schmidt, Karl, on Alfred the Great, 130. on Aristotle, 67. on corruption of the church, 151. on culture, 43. on emancipation of the individual, 52. on history of humanity, 15, 16. on Johann Sturm, 177. on St. Augustine's _Confessions_, 114. on scholasticism, 123. on teachings of Jesus Christ, 97, 100. on the _Emile_, 249. Scholasticism, benefits of, 123, 124. defined, 121. downfall of, 123. _Scholemaster_, Roger Ascham's, 190. School attendance, in England, 306. in France, 297, 298. in Germany, 291, 292. in United States, 311, 312. School board, in England, 305. in France, 296. in Germany, 290, 291. in United States, 310. School fund in United States, 309. School government, Trotzendorf's reforms in, 178, 179. School hours, in Athens, 58, 60. in Germany, 292. Schoolhouses in India, 33. public, none in China, 23. School inspector, in German schools, 290. Schoolmaster, German, position of, 295. "School of the Palace," established, 127. School pence, expense of English schools met by, 307. School system, Comenius's organization of, 215. of England, 304-308. of France, 296-303. of Germany, 289-295. of United States, 309-314.