History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for EmbalmingGannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
History
History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for Embalming
Gannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
Anatomical specimens -- Collection and preservation; Embalming -- History; Mummies
The water which contains these salts in solution was in sufficient
quantity to cause the liquor to stand at fifteen degrees of the
areometer; that is to say, and according to the indication of M.
Gannal, that the liquid should mark from seven to eight degrees during
winter, and from twelve to fifteen during summer.
The tub was placed in one of the pavilions of the Practical School; and
in the same room there were a great number of tables covered with dead
bodies for the study of practical anatomy. At the end of two months,
the two bodies were withdrawn from the bath, and dissected; no change
had taken place in their exterior aspect; the tissues and internal
organs were ascertained to be well preserved, and capable of serving
for anatomical demonstrations.
Other subjects have been examined by the commission of the Academy
of Sciences; they had remained in the same liquor since the 2d of
December, 1834, and were still sound at the end of April, 1835.
We thought it our duty to exact of M. Gannal some other experiments;
thus, we desired to see injections with this preservative liquor,
of the arterial system; we caused another subject to be injected
with ordinary fatty matter; and at a later period we had injected
into the vessels of the subject which had received the preservative
liquor, a matter composed of suet, and of resin, in equal parts, and
coloured with cinabar, (sulphate of mercury.) This last injection was
successful. The first injection of saline liquid exacted eight quarts
of the liquid, which was introduced through the left ventricle of the
heart.
The subject examined at the end of two months, was well preserved, did
not exhale any fetid odour, and might serve for the common dissection
of students.
The commission were desirous to know whether a body would rapidly
putrefy, if it were withdrawn from the tub and left upon the table
of the amphitheatre, exposed to the air, and to the influence of the
putrid emanations from the other bodies. A subject was accordingly
withdrawn from the preservative saline liquor, and remained fifteen
days exposed to the air; no sensible putrefaction took place during
this time; this was during the last fifteen days of April. The muscles
of the corpse were seen to dry, and, so to speak, to mummify, whilst
the tissues which had not come in contact with the saline liquid, or
which had not been uncovered and exposed to the air, remained still in
a state which permitted an anatomical analysis.
We ought to remark, that the tissues which are bathed by the liquid
lose their natural colours; but the more deeply disposed organs did not
experience the same change; there was no emphysema in the cellular
tissue, although we thought we remarked that there was less resistance
in the fibres of the organs, than in a subject dead for twenty-four or
forty-eight hours.
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