History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for EmbalmingGannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
History
History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for Embalming
Gannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
Anatomical specimens -- Collection and preservation; Embalming -- History; Mummies
_Certified._--The perpetual Secretary of the Academy of Medicine.
Signed, Pariset.
_Reflections._--The mixture of the acid sulphate of alumine and potash,
of the nitrate of potash, and the chloride of sodium, furnished me,
at first, with some favourable results. But when new experiments were
attempted at a temperature above 10° of centigrade, this liquid, which
I only employed as a bath, did not answer my expectations. I then tried
to inject bodies with concentrated solution, which were afterwards
consigned to a bath of the same nature. The preservation was thus
rendered more durable; but still it did not balance the influence of an
atmosphere very warm and very humid, prolonged for any length of time.
I observed that after twenty-four hours of immersion of the bodies in
the bath, all the alumine was absorbed: this fact, well established,
was a gleam of light to me.
Since the preservation is produced by the combination of geline with
alumine, and as the alumine furnished by the acid sulphate does not
inherit enough of the preservative element, let us have recourse to
the salts of alum, richer in alumine, and more soluble in water.
The following are the data on which I rely:
_To find a salt of alum capable of effectually preserving bodies, and
which, by the moderation of its price, may be extensively employed in
amphitheatres._ I abandoned my trials with the nitrate of alumine,
this being excluded by its _high price_. The chloride of alumine, with
which I had experimented, is liable to equal objections: 1. Because,
owing to its excessive affinity for water, it instantaneously dries the
internal membrane of the artery, and obliterates the canal, rendering
it impossible to finish the injection. 2. Besides, admitting the
injection to have been completed by the introduction, in the first
place, of a little oil of turpentine, the hydrochloric acid contained
in the flesh injures the instruments, and impedes dissection. Further,
the chloride of aluminium, like all the soluble chlorides, is a bad
agent in dissections, being hygrometric.
The acetate of alumine is an excellent preservative of animal matters,
as will be seen by referring to the observation cited at the end of the
last chapter; but it is costly, and on this account cannot be employed
in amphitheatres.
It was necessary, then, to search for a more economical method; this
I have found in the _simple sulphate_ of alumine. This salt, but
indifferently known, no one having thought of it before me, is of a
simple preparation and moderate price.
_A killogram of this salt, costing about twenty cents, dissolved in two
quarts of water, is sufficient in winter to preserve a body fresh, by
injection, for three months._
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