History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for EmbalmingGannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
History
History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for Embalming
Gannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
Anatomical specimens -- Collection and preservation; Embalming -- History; Mummies
In order to preserve a body for a month or six weeks, it is not even
necessary to inject the blood-vessels--_a glyster of one quart, and the
same quantity injected into the œsophagus, suffices for this limited
preservation_. This process is adopted at Clamart for all the dead
bodies destined for dissection. The preservative power of this salt
will be easily understood, if its analysis be compared with that of the
double sulphate given above.
One hundred parts of _simple sulphate of alumine_, are composed of
_alumine_ 30, of _sulphuric acid_ 70. This salt properly prepared,
exempt from iron, commonly contains from thirty-six to forty for 100 of
water.
The following is a table of the different densities of this salt,
according to the quantity of water in which it is dissolved.
A killogram dissolved in five hundred scruples of water gives a quart
of liquid which marks 32° on the areometer of Baumè.
This same quantity in a quart of water
Marks, 20°
In two quarts, 17°
In four quarts, 8°
In five quarts, 6°
This table is important, as it gives the composition of the different
liquids of which we shall see the application.
The liquid of injection, of which we have indicated the preparation and
the quantity, is sufficient during winter, and moderate temperatures;
but when it passes 20° it ought to be more abundant, or the solution
more concentrated.
When it is intended to preserve the body for a longer period, it is
necessary to neutralize the sulphuric acid, which is taken up by
the addition of acetate of lead. Two hundred and fifty scruples of
this salt for one killogram of the dry sulphate produces the desired
effect. If the preservation is to be indefinitely prolonged, the use
of the acetate of lead will have a tendency at length to blacken
the epidermis. Indeed, as it is impossible to cause all the lead to
disappear, the small quantity of this salt remaining in the liquid
will be then decomposed by the hydro-sulphuric acid disengaged by the
corpse, or rather by the sulphur which it contains, and the salt of
lead is changed into sulphuret, a black insoluble powder, giving to the
body all the exterior aspect of the negro.
I preserved in my cabinet an infant treated after this method; its
skin, after the lapse of a year, became black, not of that colour
assumed by animal matters in drying, but of the finest negro colour
that could be conceived.
I finish with these details; for the facts of prolonged preservation
of which we have just spoken are derived from the wants of the
anatomists; and, previous to proceeding to other considerations, it is
best to exhaust all that we have to make known concerning my processes
of preservation applied in amphitheatres to subjects intended to be
dissected. The preservation of these subjects, it is known, would
be prolonged without any advantage beyond two or three months at all
seasons.
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