History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for EmbalmingGannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
History
History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for Embalming
Gannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
Anatomical specimens -- Collection and preservation; Embalming -- History; Mummies
“Such are the principal details which presented themselves in the
course of our examination: at first sight, it appeared astonishing
that these bodies, removed for more than forty years from the medium
in which they were desiccated, should have experienced no sensible
alteration in a cavern situated deeply under the earth, and surmounted
by a structure like that of the tower of St. Michel. Let us return
to our instruments, perhaps they will aid us in the explanation of
the fact. After remaining an hour in this atmosphere, the thermometer
passed from 24° to 18°, and the hygrometer, from 34° to 42°, which
gives a difference for the first, of 6°, for the second of 8°, a very
trifling difference, when compared to that of caves and other places
in the same apparent position. This thermometrical and hygrometrical
state of the air, always invariable, is, without doubt, one of the
principal circumstances in maintaining the integrity of these mummies.
To what cause, further, can be attributed this double state of the air
in the cavern? A slow fermentation, movements of latent decomposition
in the enormous mass of animal remains which form the bottom of this
receptacle, are they not the probable cause? We think so, and we leave
with confidence this idea, to the meditation of philosophers. Our end
was attained, we had proved facts, and collected some parcels of the
remains to subject them to analysis; after different trials without
result, some portions of skin and muscular tissue, placed in weakened
hydrochloric acid, and treated by ebullition, were totally dissolved
in this liquid, to which they communicated a deep brown colour. This
liquor filtered and treated by the yellow cyanate of potash, yielded
a very abundant blue precipitate; and the presence of iron was thus
indicated, from whence we thought that the preservation of these
bodies was owing to the presence of a compound of iron in the earth,
where they had been deposited. But the human blood yields iron also;
was it a portion of this element of our tissues that our experiments
brought into play? A suit of comparative experiments upon the tissues
of mummies, on the one hand, and of the same tissues dried in the sun
of subjects recently dead, on the other hand, have evidently proved
the excess of iron in the first. Analogous circumstances doubtless,
have determined the preservation of the bodies found at Toulouse,
at Palermo, &c. We regret not to be able to transmit the suit of
experiments made by our learned friend, Dr. Boucherie; these will form
the subject of ulterior researches.”
The same phenomenon still occurs in different parts of our country,
under a moderate temperature: thus, about 1660, M. de La Visèe and his
domestic, having been assassinated at Paris, and interred on the place
where the crime was committed, their bodies were discovered after the
lapse of a year, whole and readily recognisable; a cloak even, lined
with plush, had not suffered the least alteration.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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