History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for EmbalmingGannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
History
History of Embalming: and of Preparations in Anatomy, Pathology, and Natural History; Including an Account of a New Process for Embalming
Gannal, J.-N. (Jean-Nicolas)
Anatomical specimens -- Collection and preservation; Embalming -- History; Mummies
as for anatomical demonstrations; and after he shall have examined and
taken out the brain, the apothecary must carefully wash the cavity with
aromatic wine and alcohol, and then fill it with the powder he will
have prepared, and with cotton and tow soaked in some fluid balsam, in
such a manner that there will be several layers of these stoupes and
powder applied one above the other; after which replace the bones of
the cranium and sew up the skin. He will then rub the head all over
with one of the liquid balms, and bathe the face frequently with the
same; envelope the head in a deep cap, which must be waxed; and after
having insinuated into the nose, the mouth, the orbits of the eyes, and
into the ears, cotton, soaked in liquid balm, the oils of nutmeg and
cloves, he will labour at the abdomen, which must be washed in the same
aromatic wine and alcohol, and rubbed with some of the aforesaid balms,
and, finally, stuffed abundantly with powder and tow, until all these
matters, distributed one above the other, will form the natural size
and appearance of the abdomen, which must be sown up. The surgeon will
take care that sections be made in the veins and arteries, in order to
divest them of blood and humidity, which will be observed regarding
the arms, thighs, legs, feet, heels, and other parts, as the back,
shoulders, and buttocks, turning the corpse for this purpose, face
towards the table; in these thick and fleshy places, the incisions
must be long, deep, and numerous, penetrating even to the bone; and
when the large vessels have been opened and purged of their blood, the
pharmacien will fill all these spaces with the powder, and then sew
them up with a needle and thread, after having sprinkled and bathed
them in aromatic wine and alcohol; for it is necessary to take care
and foment incessantly these parts; absorb from them, if possible,
all humidity, and dry them with a sponge, previous to rubbing them
with liquid balm, or one of the liniments, and fill them with the
stoupes and said powders. Finally, the whole must be sowed up very
neatly, so that the body may not be disfigured; for the same reason
the face ought not to be incised, and we ought to endeavour so to
preserve the features that they may be easily recognised, as I have
recently witnessed on the opening of the coffin of a bishop, who was
embalmed more than fifty years ago, and whose countenance was not in
the least disfigured. For this reason, the artist will make use of
fine powders, of aloes, myrrh, and others; as regards the body, he
will rub and anoint it with the liniment which he will have prepared,
adding thereto the powder, which he will make into a paste. And it is
necessary to remark, that in proportion as he finishes the embalming
of each part, the surgeon ought to bandage it with bandages of linen
soaked in the liniment, so that they will resemble a species of corset,
and in form of the letter x; let them make several convolutions one
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