Robert Greene--Friar Bacon's Demons--The "Looking Glasse"--Nash and Harvey 231 CHAPTER V. Donne--Hall--Fuller 243 CHAPTER VI. Shakespeare--Ben Jonson--Beaumont and Fletcher--The Wise Men of Gotham 250 CHAPTER VII. Jesters--Court of Queen Elizabeth--James I.--The "Counterblasts to Tobacco"--Puritans--Charles II. --Rochester--Buckingham--Dryden--Butler 271 CHAPTER VIII. Comic Drama of the Restoration--Etheridge--Wycherley 303 CHAPTER IX. Tom Brown--His Prose Works--Poetry--Sir Richard Blackmore--D'Urfey--Female Humorists--Carey 312 CHAPTER X. Vanbrugh--Colley Cibber--Farquhar 340 CHAPTER XI. Congreve--Lord Dorset 355 HISTORY OF ENGLISH HUMOUR. PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS. Subjective Character of the Ludicrous--The Subject little Studied--Obstacles to the Investigation--Evanescence--Mental Character of the Ludicrous--Distinction between Humour and the Ludicrous. The ludicrous is in its character so elusive and protean, and the field over which it extends is so vast, that few have ever undertaken the task of examining it systematically. Many philosophers and literary men have made passing observations upon it, but most writers are content to set it down as one of those things which cannot be understood, and care not to study and grapple with a subject which promises small results in return for considerable toil. Moreover, the inquiry does not seem sufficiently important to warrant the expenditure of much time upon it, and there has always been a great tendency among learned men to underrate the emotional feelings of our nature. Thus it comes to pass that a much larger amount of our labour has been expended upon inquiring into physical and intellectual constitution than upon the inner workings of our passions and sentiments, for our knowledge of which, though affecting our daily conduct, we are mostly indebted to the representations of poets and novelists. Beattie well observes that nothing is below the attention of a philosopher which the Author of Nature has been pleased to establish. Investigations of this kind would not be unrewarded, nor devoid of a certain amount of interest; and I think that in the present subject we can, by perseverance, penetrate a little distance into an almost untrodden and apparently barren region, and if we cannot reach the source from whence the bright waters spring, can at least obtain some more accurate information about the surrounding country.