History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to SwinburneLang, Andrew
History
History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne
Lang, Andrew
English literature -- History and criticism
Perhaps the oldest of the Anglo-Saxon poems is that called "Widsith,"
after the name of the far-travelled minstrel or gleeman who sang it
before the people in the hall of a prince or noble. This short poem
tells us what kind of tales the people liked to hear. It begins:--
Widsith spoke
His word-hoard unlocked,
that is, he opened his treasure of stories as a travelling pedlar opens
his box of goods. He says that he has wandered, gathering songs and
tales, all over the world from the German Ocean to Egypt and India. He
means that he knows all, stories; he is merely giving his hearers their
choice of a tale about any king and people in the known world.
Let us suppose that they choose to hear about Ælfwine, or Alboin, king
of the Longobards or Lombards, whom Widsith says that he had visited.
We know what tales were told of Ælfwine. One of these is a fair example
of the rest; it is probably not true. Ælfwine had killed the father of
his wife Rosamund, and had a cup made out of the skull, and he made
Rosamund drink out of it at a feast. She determined to be revenged for
this cruel insult, and took counsel with the king's shield-bearer and
guardsman. By his advice she entrapped Beartheow, a very strong man, by
a trick, so that he became guilty of high treason. He was now at her
mercy, for she threatened to inform against him, and thus compelled
him to murder her husband, Ælfwine, in his bed. After that, the king's
shield-bearer tried to win the kingdom. But Rosamund gave him poisoned
wine, and he, when he knew that it was poisoned, made her drink out the
cup, and they two died in the same hour.
This makes a noble tragic song, but the story is only a form of a much
older Greek tale which Herodotus, 1000 years earlier, tells of King
Candaules of Lydia, of his wife, whom he insulted, and of the Captain
of his guard, whom she induced to kill King Candaules.
Probably an Anglo-Saxon minstrel would recite the poem called
"Widsith," and then the listeners would ask him for any of the stories
which he had mentioned, perhaps for one about Ælfwine; or Alexander the
Great; or Sigurd of the Volsungs, who slew the Serpent-Man, Fafnir;
or of Hygelac (who is believed to have been the man named, in Latin,
Chochilaicus, a real king of about 520); or of Hrothgar, whom Widsith
mentions. This king is befriended by Beowulf, in the great Anglo-Saxon
poem of that name, the noblest and most famous of all these old songs.
The minstrel makes requests for gifts of rings and bracelets; and
speaks of his desire to meet generous princes. In the same way Homer
loves to tell how golden cups and beautiful swords were given by
princes to the minstrels in Greece. The last verses of "Widsith" run
thus, in modern English, and are a fair example of early Anglo-Saxon
versification:--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account