History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to SwinburneLang, Andrew
History
History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne
Lang, Andrew
English literature -- History and criticism
Jeremy Taylor was born under James VI and I, was the son of a barber
in Cambridge, and was baptized on 15 August, 1613. Unless he was
christened two years after his birth, it is not plain how he could
have been in his fifteenth year when (August, 1626) he was admitted to
Caius College as a sizar (at Oxford, "servitor"); Jeremy's eloquence
attracted the notice of Archbishop Laud, who had him made a Fellow of
All Souls, Oxford (1636). At Oxford, a Cavalier University, Jeremy
studied casuistry, the topic of his large book "Ductor Dubitantium," a
Guide to the Doubting. In 1638, Jeremy obtained the cure of souls at
Uppingham, and in the same year preached, in the University pulpit, a
Guy Fawkes Day sermon. In 1639 he married. In 1640, Laud was impeached
of treason; in 1642, as chaplain, Jeremy served under the standard of
King Charles. Parliament abolished Bishops; Jeremy defended Episcopacy
("Of the Sacred Order of Episcopacy"). In February, 1645, he was
captured in a Royalist defeat, but was protected by Lord Carbery,
and became his private chaplain at Golden Grove in Carmarthenshire,
where he was safe from the persecution of the friends of freedom of
conscience that called themselves "the godly". At Golden Grove, though
far from what had been his library, he wrote "An Apology for Liturgy"
(abolished by Parliament in 1645). In 1647 appeared his "Liberty of
Prophesying," a plea for toleration. Such pleas always came from
the religious party which was being persecuted, though, even when
persecuted, the Covenanters always denounced "the vomit of toleration,"
their aim being, in power or out of power, to force all mankind to
be presbyterian covenanters. The frenzy of armed religious fanatics
made Taylor, like Falkland, as described by Clarendon, "ingeminate
peace! peace!" But he himself was to be in prisons often, under the
persecution of the Commonwealth, and when he unhappily became, under
the Restoration, Bishop of Dromore in a covenanting part of Ireland, he
replaced the Presbyterian ministers by Anglican clergymen.
Taylor's plea for toleration was an offence to all parties. These years
of the King's disasters and death must have been bitterness to Taylor.
He now composed his work "The Great Exemplar," a Life of Christ,
filled with persuasions to godliness, with reflections far fetched
but charmingly phrased, and he did not disdain legends destitute of
scriptural authority. "In the country of Thebais, whither they first
arrived, the child Jesus being by design or providence carried into a
temple, all the statues of the Idol gods fell down, like Dagon at the
presence of the Ark, and suffered their timely and just dissolution
and dishonour." The book makes no attempt at criticism, and is of an
immense length: in those days "a great book" was not deemed "a great
evil".
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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