History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to SwinburneLang, Andrew
History
History of English Literature from "Beowulf" to Swinburne
Lang, Andrew
English literature -- History and criticism
In 1634 he went to Paris, Florence, and Rome with his pupil, returning
to England in 1637. He now, at 55, began to reckon himself as a
philosopher in a kind of metaphysics, and physics about which he did
not know much. An unfortunate accident had led him to read "Euclid,"
Book I, proposition 47. "Begad," said Hobbes, "this is impossible!"
He pursued his studies, found out that it was possible, and became
convinced that it is also possible to square the circle. Easy as it
seems, this feat has never been accomplished with pedantic accuracy,
and Hobbes, from about 60 to 80, was engaged in controversy on the
subject.
Oxford mathematicians, annoyed by his attacks on the University,
replied with scientific precision, and such banter as mathematicians
enjoy when they would be merry among themselves. In this long war,
Hobbes was mercilessly handled, partly by way of discrediting his
ideas in politics and religion. He had laid out for himself a system
of the Universe, "Of the Body," "Of the Man," "Of the Citizen". In the
political storm and stress of the Great Rebellion he wrote, in Latin,
his book of "The Citizen," "De Cive," much of which he had already
done, with other such work, in English.
These papers had been circulated; Hobbes thought himself in danger--it
was "time for him to go," and in 1640 he fled to Paris. He hated
Puritans without loving Bishops. In 1642 he published "De Cive"; he
then turned to philosophy, and next worked at his great work on the
relations of rulers and ruled, and on religion, called "Leviathan". In
1646-1647 he tutored Charles, Prince of Wales, in Jersey, and Charles
always liked him as a witty companion.
In 1647, believing himself to be on the point of death, he behaved in
an orthodox manner. To the witness, Dr. Cosin, later Bishop of Durham,
he always referred when his orthodoxy was doubted. When Charles I
had been slain, in 1649, Hobbes, who in 1650 had published his "Human
Nature," the briefest Statement of his general view of mankind, thought
of returning home, for now a Government, that of Cromwell, was firmly
seated, and Hobbes's main political principle was "settled government".
By 1651 he had "Leviathan" fairly written out as a present for Charles
II in Paris. But the King's advisers thought it a most unholy book (not
that Charles himself cared, or had a bad opinion of Hobbes); he was
rebuffed; he was afraid of being murdered for his religion (which, says
De Quincey, "is a high joke; Tom Hobbes afraid of suffering for his
religion!") and he fled back to England.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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