History of English Literature Volume 1 (of 3)Taine, Hippolyte
History
History of English Literature Volume 1 (of 3)
Taine, Hippolyte
English literature -- History and criticism
Is there in chivalry sufficient to furnish him with matter? That is but
one world, and he has another. Beyond the valiant men, the glorified
images of moral virtues, he has the gods, finished models of sensible
beauty; beyond Christian chivalry he has the pagan Olympus; beyond the
idea of heroic will which can only be satisfied by adventures and
danger, there exists calm energy, which, by its own impulse, is in
harmony with actual existence. For such a poet one ideal is not enough;
beside the beauty of effort he places the beauty of happiness; he
couples them, not deliberately as a philosopher, nor with the design of
a scholar like Goethe, but because they are both lovely; and here and
there, amid armor and passages of arms, he distributes satyrs, nymphs,
Diana, Venus, like Greek statues amid the turrets and lofty trees of an
English park. There is nothing forced in the union; the ideal epic, like
a superior heaven, receives and harmonizes the two worlds; a beautiful
pagan dream carries on a beautiful dream of chivalry; the link consists
in the fact that they are both beautiful. At this elevation the poet has
ceased to observe the differences of races and civilizations. He can
introduce into his picture whatever he will; his only reason is, "That
suited"; and there could be no better. Under the glossy-leaved oaks, by
the old trunk so deeply rooted in the ground, he can see two knights
cleaving each other, and the next instant a company of Fauns who came
there to dance. The beams of light which have poured down upon the
velvet moss, the green turf of an English forest, can reveal the
dishevelled locks and white shoulders of nymphs. Do we not see it in
Rubens? And what signify discrepancies in the happy and sublime illusion
of fancy? Are there more discrepancies? Who perceives them, who feels
them? Who does not feel, on the contrary, that to speak the truth, there
is but one world, that of Plato and the poets; that actual phenomena are
but outlines--mutilated, incomplete and blurred outlines--wretched
abortions scattered here and there on Time's track, like fragments of
clay, half moulded, then cast aside, lying in an artist's studio; that,
after all, invisible forces and ideas, which forever renew the actual
existences, attain their fulfilment only in imaginary existences; and
that the poet, in order to express nature in its entirety, is obliged to
embrace in his sympathy all the ideal forms by which nature reveals
itself? This is the greatness of his work; he has succeeded in seizing
beauty in its fulness, because he cared for nothing but beauty.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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