Section I.--The Art of Thackeray Section II.--Portrait of Henry Esmond.--Historical Talent Section III.--Literature the Definition of Man CHAPTER THIRD Criticism and History--Macaulay Section I.--His Position in England Section II.--Essays Section III.--His Critical Method Section IV.--His Love of Political Liberty Section V.--Characteristics of Macaulay's Style Section VI.--His Rudeness and Humor Section VII.--Estimate of Macaulay's Work Section VIII.--Comparison of Macaulay with French Historians CHAPTER FOURTH Philosophy and History--Carlyle _Part I.--Style and Mind_ Section I.--Carlyle's Obscurity and Crudeness Section II.--The Humor of Carlyle Section III.--Perception of the Real and the Sublime Section IV.--His Passion for Actuality Section V.--His Mode of Thought _Part II.--Vocation_ Section I.--The Appearance and Development of Original Minds Section II.--Characteristics of the German Form of Mind Section III.--German Aptitude for General Ideas Section IV.--Faults of the German Form of Thought Section V.--How Ideas are Reshaped Section VI.--Growth of German Ideas in England _Part III.--Philosophy, Morality, and Criticism_ Section I.--Carlyle's Metaphysics Section II.--His Transposition of German Metaphysics into English Puritanism Section III.--Conception of God and Duty Section IV.--Conception of Christianity Section V.--Carlyle's Criticism Section VI.--The Future of Criticism _Part IV.--Conception of History_ Section I.--Great Men Section II.--Wherein Carlyle is Original Section III.--In what Genuine History Consists Section IV.--Carlyle's History of Cromwell Section V.--His History of the French Revolution Section VI.--His Opinion of Modern England Section VII.--The Dangers of Enthusiasm.--Comparison of Carlyle and Macaulay CHAPTER FIFTH Philosophy--Stuart Mill Section I.--Lack of General Ideas Section II.--Why Metaphysics are Lacking Section III.--Mill's Philosophical Method _Part I.--Experience_ Section I--The Object of Logic Section II.--Discussion of Ideas Section III.--The Two Corner-stones of Logic Section IV.--Theory of Definitions Section V.--Theory of Proof Section VI.--Theory of Axioms Section VII.--Theory of Induction Section VIII.--Applications of the Theory of Induction Section IX.--The Province and Method of Deduction Section X.--Comparison of the Methods of Induction and Deduction Section XI.--Limits of Our Knowledge _Part II.--Abstraction_ Section I.--Agreement of this Philosophy with the English Mind Section II.--The Nature of Abstraction Section III.--Definitions Explain the Abstract Generating Elements of Things Section IV.--The Basis of Proof in Syllogism is an Abstract Law Section V.--Axioms are Relations between Abstract Truths Section VI.--The Methods of Induction Section VII.--Experience and Abstraction Section VIII.--Idea and Limits of Metaphysics Section IX.--A Morning in Oxford CHAPTER SIXTH Poetry--Tennyson