[Footnote 43: "Alma," canto II. lines 937-978: "Your nicer Hottentots think meet With guts and tripe to deck their feet; With downcast looks on Totta's legs The ogling youth most humbly begs, She would not from his hopes remove At once his breakfast and his love.... Before you see you smell your toast, And sweetest she who stinks the most."] [Footnote 44: The same duke who was afterwards nicknamed "the Butcher."] [Footnote 45: "Poems on Several Occasions," by Mr. John Gay, 1745, 2 vols. II. 141.] [Footnote 46: Ibid. The Poem to "The Shepherd's Week." I. 6.] [Footnote 47: Ibid. I. 66.] [Footnote 48: Gay's Poems, "The Shepherd's Week"; first pastoral, "The Squabble," p. 80.] [Footnote 49: "Epistle to Mrs. Blount, on Her Leaving the Town."] [Footnote 50: A French pastoral writer (1717-1803), who wrote, in imitation of Thomson, "Les Saisons."--Tr.] [Footnote 51: Poetical Works of T. Thomson, ed. R. Bell, 1855, 2 vols.; II. "Spring," 18.] [Footnote 52: Ibid. 19.] [Footnote 53: Ibid. 20.] [Footnote 54: Ibid.] [Footnote 55: Poetical Works of Thomson, "Liberty," part I. 102.] [Footnote 56: Anthony Léonard Thomas (1732-1785) wrote memoirs and essays on the character of celebrated men in highly oratorical and pompous style.--Tr.] [Footnote 57: See the paintings of David, called "Les Fêtes de la Révolution."] [Footnote 58: Young's "Night Thoughts." Night the First: On Life, Death, and Immortality.] [Footnote 59: Ibid. Night the Third: Narcissa.] BOOK IV--MODERN LIFE CHAPTER FIRST IDEAS AND PRODUCTIONS Section I--Rise of Democracy On the eve of the nineteenth century the great modern revolution began in Europe. The thinking public and the human mind changed, and whilst these changes took place a new literature sprang up.