History of English Literature Volume 3 (of 3) — John Shaqi
History of English Literature Volume 3 (of 3)Taine, Hippolyte
History
History of English Literature Volume 3 (of 3)
Taine, Hippolyte
English literature -- History and criticism
In no branch was it displayed more manifestly than in poetry, and at no
time did it appear more clearly than in the reign of Queen Anne. The
poets have just attained to the art which they had before dimly
discerned. For sixty years they were approaching it; now they possess
it, handle it; they use and exaggerate it. The style is at the same time
finished and artificial. Let us open the first that comes to hand,
Parnell or Philips, Addison or Prior, Gay or Tickell, we find a certain
turn of mind, versification, language. Let us pass to a second, the same
form reappears; we might say that they are imitations of one another.
Let us go on to a third; the same diction, the same apostrophes, the
same fashion of arranging an epithet and rounding a period. Let us turn
over the whole lot; with little individual differences, they seem to be
all cast in the same mould; one is more epicurean, another more moral,
another more biting; but a noble language, an oratorical pomp, a
classical correctness, reign throughout; the substantive is accompanied
by its adjective, its knight of honor; antithesis balances its
symmetrical architecture; the verb, as in Lucan or Statius, is
displayed, flanked on each side by a noun decorated by an epithet; we
would say that it is of a uniform make, as if fabricated by a machine;
we forget what it wishes to make known; we are tempted to count the
measure on our fingers; we know beforehand what poetical ornaments are
to embellish it. There is a theatrical dressing, contrasts, allusions,
mythological elegance, Greek or Latin quotations. There is a scholastic
solidity, sententious maxims, philosophic commonplaces, moral
developments, oratorical exactness. We might imagine ourselves to be
before a family of plants; if the size, color, accessories, names
differ, the fundamental type does not vary; the stamens are of the same
number, similarly inserted around similar pistils, above leaves arranged
on the same plan: a man who knows one knows all; there is a common
organism and structure which involves the uniformity of the rest. If we
review the whole family we will doubtless find there some characteristic
plant which displays the type in a clear light, whilst all around it and
by degrees it alters, degenerates, and at last loses itself in the
surrounding families. So here we see classical art find its centre in
the neighbors of Pope, and above all in Pope himself, then, after being
half effaced, mingle with foreign elements until it disappears in the
poetry which succeeded it.[2]
Section II.--Alexander Pope.--His Education and Mode of Life
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