History of English Literature Volume 3 (of 3)Taine, Hippolyte
History
History of English Literature Volume 3 (of 3)
Taine, Hippolyte
English literature -- History and criticism
Is the kitchen-garden indeed poetical? To-day, perhaps; but to-morrow,
if my imagination is barren, I shall see there nothing but carrots and
other kitchen stuff. It is my feelings which are poetical, which I must
respect, as the most precious flower of beauty. Hence a new style. We
need no longer, after the old oratorical fashion, box up a subject in a
regular plan, divide it into symmetrical portions, arrange ideas into
files, like the pieces on a draught-board. Cowper takes the first
subject that comes to hand--one which Lady Austen gave him at
haphazard--the "Sofa," and speaks about it for a couple of pages; then
he goes whither the bent of his mind leads him, describing a winter
evening, a number of interiors and landscapes, mingling here and there
all kinds of moral reflections, stories, dissertations, opinions,
confidences, like a man who thinks aloud before the most intimate and
beloved of his friends. Let us look at his great poem, the "Task. The
best didactic poems," says Southey, "when compared with the 'Task,' are
like formal gardens in comparison with woodland scenery." If we enter
into details, the contrast is greater still. He does not seem to dream
that he is being listened to; he only speaks to himself. He does not
dwell on his ideas, as the classical writers do, to set them in relief,
and make them stand out by repetitions and antitheses; he marks his
sensation, and that is all. We follow this sensation in him as it
gradually springs up; we see it rising from a former one, swelling,
falling, remounting, as we see vapor issuing from a spring, and
insensibly rising, unrolling, and developing its shifting forms.
Thought, which in others was congealed and rigid, becomes here mobile
and fluent; the rectilinear verse grows flexible; the noble vocabulary
widens its scope to let in vulgar words of conversation and life. At
length poetry has again become lifelike; we no longer listen to words,
but we feel emotions; it is no longer an author, but a man who speaks.
His whole life is there, perfect, beneath its black lines, without
falsehood or concoction; his whole effort is bent on removing falsehood
and concoction. When he describes his little river, his dear Ouse, "slow
winding through a level plain of spacious meads, with cattle sprinkled
o'er,"[107] he sees it with his inner eye; and each word, caesura,
sound, answers to a change of that inner vision. It is so in all his
verses; they are full of personal emotions, genuinely felt, never
altered or disguised; on the contrary, fully expressed, with their
transient shades and fluctuations; in a word, as they are, that is, in
the process of production and destruction, not all complete, motionless,
and fixed, as the old style represented them. Herein consists the great
revolution of the modern style. The mind, outstripping the known rules
of rhetoric and eloquence, penetrates into profound psychology, and no
longer employs words except to mark emotions.
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