History of English Literature Volume 3 (of 3)Taine, Hippolyte
History
History of English Literature Volume 3 (of 3)
Taine, Hippolyte
English literature -- History and criticism
Is not this the life of a genuine poet? Eyes fixed on the splendid
apparitions with which he peopled space, he went through the world not
seeing the highroad, stumbling over the stones of the roadside. He
possessed not that knowledge of life which most poets share in common
with novelists. Seldom has a mind been seen in which thought soared in
loftier regions, and more removed from actual things. When he tried to
create characters and events--in "Queen Mab," in "Alastor," in "The
Revolt of Islam," in "Prometheus"--he only produced unsubstantial
phantoms. Once only, in the "Cenci," did he inspire a living figure
(Beatrice) worthy of Webster or old Ford; but in some sort this was in
spite of himself, and because in it the sentiments were so unheard of
and so strained that they suited superhuman conceptions. Elsewhere his
world is throughout beyond our own. The laws of life are suspended or
transformed. We move in Shelley's world between heaven and earth, in
abstraction, dreamland, symbolism: the beings float in it like those
fantastic figures which we see in the clouds, and which alternately
undulate and change form capriciously, in their robes of snow and gold.
For souls thus constituted, the great consolation is nature. They are
too finely sensitive to find amusement in the spectacle and picture of
human passions. Shelley instinctively avoided that spectacle; the sight
reopened his own wounds. He was happier in the woods, at the sea-side,
in contemplation of grand landscapes. The rocks, clouds, and meadows,
which to ordinary eyes seem dull and insensible, are, to a wide
sympathy, living and divine existences, which are an agreeable change
from men. No virgin smile is so charming as that of the dawn, nor any
joy more triumphant than that of the ocean when its waves swell and
shimmer, as far as the eye can reach, under the lavish splendor of
heaven. At this sight the heart rises unwittingly to the sentiment of
ancient legends, and the poet perceives in the inexhaustible bloom of
things the peaceful soul of the great mother by whom everything grows
and is supported. Shelley spent most of his life in the open air,
especially in his boat; first on the Thames, then on the Lake of Geneva,
then on the Arno, and in the Italian waters. He loved desert and
solitary places, where man enjoys the pleasure of believing infinite
what he sees, infinite as his soul. And such was this wide ocean, and
this shore more barren than its waves. This love was a deep Teutonic
instinct, which, allied to pagan emotions, produced his poetry,
pantheistic and yet full of thought, almost Greek and yet English, in
which fancy plays like a foolish, dreamy child, with the splendid skein
of forms and colors. A cloud, a plant, a sunrise--these are his
characters: they were those of the primitive poets, when they took the
lightning for a bird of fire, and the clouds for the flocks of heaven.
But what a secret ardor beyond these splendid images, and how we feel
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