History of European Morals From Augustus to Charlemagne By William Edward Hartpole Lecky, M.A. Ninth Edition In Two Volumes Vol. 1. London Longmans, Green, And Co. 1890 CONTENTS Advertisement To The Third Edition. Preface. Chapter I. The Natural History Of Morals. Chapter II. The Pagan Empire. Chapter III. The Conversion Of Rome. Footnotes ADVERTISEMENT TO THE THIRD EDITION. I have availed myself of the interval since the last edition, to subject this book to a minute and careful revision, removing such inaccuracies as I have been able myself to discover, as well as those which have been brought under my notice by reviewers or correspondents. I must especially acknowledge the great assistance I have derived in this task from my German translator, Dr. H. Jolowicz—now, unhappily, no more—one of the most conscientious and accurate scholars with whom I have ever been in communication. In the controversial part of the first chapter, which has given rise to a good deal of angry discussion, four or five lines which stood in the former editions have been omitted, and three or four short passages have been inserted, elucidating or supporting positions which had been misunderstood or contested. _January 1877._ PREFACE.