Benevolence; Hutcheson’s theory that all virtue is resolved into benevolence, i. 4. Discussions in England, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as to the existence of, 20. Various views of the source from which it springs, 22. Association of ideas producing the feeling of, 26. Hartley on benevolence quoted, 27, _note_. Impossibility of benevolence becoming a pleasure if practised only with a view to that end, 37. Application to benevolence of the theory, that the moral unity of different ages is a unity not of standard but of tendency, 100. Influenced by our imaginations, 132, 133. Imperfectly recognised by the Stoics, 188, 192 Bentham, Jeremy, on the motives of human actions, i. 8, _note_. On the pleasures and pains of piety quoted, 9, _note_. On charity, 10, _note_. On vice, 13, _note_. On the sanctions of morality, 19, and _note_, 21. Throws benevolence as much as possible into the background, 21. Makes no use of the doctrine of association, 25, _note_. His definition of conscience, 29, _note_. On interest and disinterestedness, 32, _note_. On the value and purity of a pleasure, 90, _note_. Besarion, St., his penances, ii. 108 Biography, relative importance of, among Christians and Pagans, i. 174 Blandina, martyrdom of, i. 442 Blesilla, story of her slow suicide, ii. 48 Blondel, his denunciation of the forgeries of the Sibylline books, i. 377 Boadicea, her suicide, ii. 53, _note_ Bolingbroke’s “Reflections on Exile,” i. 201, _note_ Bona Dea, story and worship of, i. 94, _note_. Popularity of her worship among the Romans, 106, 386 Boniface, St., his missionary labours, ii. 247 Bonnet, his philosophy, i. 71 Bossuet, on the nature of the love we should bear to God, i. 18, _note_ Brephotrophia, in the early church, ii. 32 Brotherhood, effect of Christianity in promoting, ii. 61 Brown, on the motive for the practice of virtue, i. 8, _note_. On theological Utilitarianism, 16, _note_ Brunehaut, Queen, her crimes, approved of by the Pope, ii. 236, 237. Her end, 237 Brutus, his extortionate usury, i. 193, 194 Buckle, Thomas, his remarks on morals, i. 74, _note_. On the difference between mental and physical pleasures, 90, _note_. His views of the comparative influence of intellectual and moral agencies in civilisation, 103, _note_ Bull-baiting in England, ii. 175, _note_ Bulgarians, their conversion to Christianity, ii. 180 Butler, Bishop, maintains the reality of the existence of benevolence in our nature, i. 20, 21, _note_. On the pleasure derived from virtue, 32, _note_. His analysis of moral judgments, 76. His definition of conscience, 83 Byzantine Empire, general sketch of the moral condition of the, ii. 13, 14. Moral condition of the empire during the Christian period, 147 Cædmon, story of the origin of his “Creation of the World,” ii. 204