Cæsar, Julius, denies the immortality of the soul, i. 182. His condemnation of suicide, 213. His colonial policy, 233. His multiplication of gladiatorial shows, 273 Caligula, his intoxication with his imperial dignity, i. 259. His superstitious fears, 367 Calvinists: tendency of the Supralapsarian to deny the existence of a moral sense, i. 17, _note_ Camma, conjugal fidelity of, ii. 341 Capital punishment, aversion to, ii. 39 Carlyle, Thomas, on self-sacrifice, i. 57, _note_. The influence of conscience on the happiness of men, 62 Carneades, his expulsion from Rome proposed by Cato, i. 399 Carpocrates, licentiousness of the followers of, i. 417 Carthage, effect of the destruction of, on the decadence of Rome, i. 169. The Decian persecution at, 452 Carthaginians, the, amongst the most prominent of Latin writers, i. 235 Cassius, the tyrannicide, his suicide, i. 215 Castellio, his exposure of the forgeries of the Sibylline books, i. 377 Catacombs, the, i. 453, 455 Catholicism, Roman, the system of education adopted by, contrasted with that of the English public schools, i. 114. Conflict of the priests with political economists on the subject of early marriages, 114, 115. The teaching of, on many points the extreme antithesis of that of the pagan philosophers, 208. Its view of death, 208, 210. Little done by it for humanity to animals, ii. 173, 177, 188. Influence on despotism, 186. Its total destruction of religious liberty, 194-199. Causes of the indifference to truth manifested in its literature, 241. Protestantism contrasted with it, 368 Cato, his refusal to consult the oracles, i. 165, _note_. His stoicism, 185. His inhumanity to his slaves, 193. His study of the “Phædon” the night he committed suicide, 212. His opposition to Greek philosophy, 231. His view of pre-nuptial chastity, ii. 314 Cattle plague, theological notions respecting the, i. 356 Catullus, on the death of a sparrow, ii. 165, _note_ Cautinus, Bishop, his drunkenness, ii. 236 Celibacy among the ancients, i. 106. The Catholic monastic system, 107. How discouraged by Augustus, 232. Celibacy the primal virtue of the Christians of the fourth and fifth centuries, ii. 122. Effect of this upon moral teaching, 122, 123. History of the celibacy of the clergy, 328, 336 Celsus calls the Christians Sibyllists, i. 376. And jugglers, 384 Celts, Spanish, their worship of death, i. 206, 207. Causes of their passion for suicide, 207, _note_. Their lamentations on the birth of men, 207, _note_ Censors, Roman, minute supervision of the, i. 168 Character, influence of, on opinion, i. 172. Governed in a great measure by national circumstances, 172 Chariot races, passion for, at Constantinople, ii. 37