Exertions of the Christians in the cause of charity, 75, 79. Their exertions when the Empire was subverted, 81, 82, 88. Theological notions concerning insanity, 85-90. Almsgiving, 90-92. Beneficial effect of Christianity in supplying pure images to the imagination, 99. Summary of the philanthropic achievements of Christianity, 100. Ways in which the ascetic mode of life affected both the ideal type and realised condition of morals, 122, _et seq._ History of the relations of Christianity to the civic virtues, 140. Improvements effected by Christianity in the morals of the people, 153. Attitude of Christianity to the barbarians, 178. How it achieved their conversion, 179-181. Tendency of the barbarians to adulterate it, 181. Legends of the conflict between the old gods and the new faith, 181. Fierce hatred of rival sects, and total destruction of religious liberty, 194, 200. Polytheistic and idolatrous form of Christianity in mediæval times, 229. The doctrine of purgatory, 232. Benefits conferred by the monasteries, 243-245. The observance of Sunday, 245. Influence of Christianity upon war, 254, 259. Upon the consecration of secular rank, 260, _et seq._ Upon the condition of women, 316, _et seq._ Strong assertion of the equality of obligation in marriage, 345, 346. Relation of Christianity to the female virtues, 358, _et seq._ Chrysippus on the immortality of the soul, i. 183 Chrysostom, St., his labours for monachism, ii. 107. His treatment of his mother, 132 Cicero on the evidence of a Divine element within us, i. 56, _note_. His definition of conscience, 83. His conception of the Deity, 164. His opinion of the popular beliefs, 165. Instance of his love of truth, 176, _note_. His desire for posthumous reputation, 185, _note_. His declaration as to virtue concealing itself from the world, 185. His belief in the immortality of the soul, 204. His view of death, 205, 206. His complacency on the approach of death, 207. His conception of suicide, 213. His maintenance of the doctrine of universal brotherhood, 240. How he regarded the games of the arena, 285. His friendship with his freedman Tiro, 323. His remarks on charity, ii. 79. His rules respecting almsgiving, 92 Circumcelliones, atrocities of the, ii. 41. Their custom of provoking martyrdom, 49 Civic virtues, predominance accorded to, in ancient ethics, i. 200 Civilisation, refining influence of, on taste, i. 79. Pleasures of a civilised and semi-civilised society compared, 86. Views of Mill and Buckle on the comparative influence of intellectual and moral agencies in, 102, _note_. Effect of education in diminishing cruelty, and producing charity, 134. Moral enthusiasm appropriate to different stages of civilisation, 136. Increase of veracity with civilisation, 137. Each stage of civilisation specially appropriate to some virtue, 147