bull-baiting continued far into the present century. Windham and Canning strongly defended it; Dr. Parr is said to have been fond of it (_Southey’s Commonplace Book_, vol. iv. p. 585); and as late as 1824, Sir Robert (then Mr) Peel argued strongly against its prohibition. (_Parliamentary Debates_, vol. x. pp. 132-133, 491-495.) 384 Bacon, in an account of the deficiencies of medicine, recommends vivisection in terms that seem to imply that it was not practised in his time. “As for the passages and pores, it is true, which was anciently noted, that the more subtle of them appear not in anatomies, because they are shut and latent in dead bodies, though they be open and manifest in live; which being supposed, though the inhumanity of _anatomia vivorum_ was by Celsus justly reproved, yet, in regard of the great use of this observation, the enquiry needed not by him so slightly to have been relinquished altogether, or referred to the casual practices of surgery; but might have been well diverted upon the dissection of beasts alive, which, notwithstanding the dissimilitude of their parts, may sufficiently satisfy this enquiry.”—_Advancement of Learning_, x. 4. Harvey speaks of vivisections as having contributed to lead him to the discovery of the circulation of the blood. (Acland’s _Harveian Oration_ (1865), p. 55.) Bayle, describing the treatment of animals by men, says, “Nous fouillons dans leurs entrailles pendant leur vie afin de satisfaire notre curiosité.”—_Dict. philos._ art. “Rorarius, C.” Public opinion in England was very strongly directed to the subject in the present century, by the atrocious cruelties perpetrated by Majendie at his lectures. See a most frightful account of them in a speech by Mr. Martin (an eccentric Irish member, who was generally ridiculed during his life, and has been almost forgotten since his death, but to whose untiring exertions the legislative protection of animals in England is due).—_Parliament. Hist._ vol. xii. p. 652. Mandeville, in his day, was a very strong advocate of kindness to animals.—_Commentary on the Fable of the Bees._ 385 See his _Life_ by Sulpicius Severus. 386 Milman. 387 Greg. Turon. ii. 29. 388 This was the first step towards the conversion of the Bulgarians.—Milman’s _Latin Christianity_, vol. iii. p. 249. 389 A remarkable collection of instances of this kind is given by Ozanam, _Civilisation in the Fifth Century_ (Eng. trans.), vol. i. pp. 124-127.